100 Years Ago Today

[TarJak]

31 August 1914

The First Lord of the British Admiralty, Winston Churchill, asked the Chief of the British Imperial General Staff to draw up a plan ‘for the seizure of the Gallipoli Peninsula by means of a Greek army of adequate strength, with a view to admitting a British fleet to the Sea of Marmara’. The Greeks produced a detailed plan for the capture of Gallipoli which would involve approximately 60,000 troops. Churchill felt that Turkey was unlikely to remain neutral between Britain and Germany and that the Turks would enter the war on the German side.

The first battle of Garua ended with the British being pushed out of Kamerun and into Nigeria. Nigerian troops reportedly fled, leaving British officers alone in the trenches. As the British force fled the Germans continued their counter-attack, pushing them out of Kamerun completely and pursuing them into Nigeria for days afterwards. The majority of the officers of the British units were killed, including the commanding officer, Colonel MacLear. Forty percent of the native Nigerian troops were lost. The Germans suffered relatively minor losses in comparison.

The action at Garua, as well as battles in other areas along Kamerun's northwestern border with Nigeria, turned out to be relatively successful for the Germans. They were able to repulse each British thrust that came at them during the opening days of the conflict, and even put themselves in position to threaten Calabar, the main port in eastern Nigeria. The victory at Garua enhanced the morale of German Askaris significantly and stalled Allied advances into northern Kamerun until mid-1915, when the Second Battle of Garua resulted in British victory.

Cardiff Rugby Committee, its former player and now president, Mr. W. T. Morgan in the chair, met, and passed the following resolution –

That this Committee of the Cardiff Rugby Club unanimously resolve, in view of the present crisis in the history of the British Empire, to cancel all fixtures for the season 1914—15. Furthermore the Committee urge on playing and subscribing members of the Club, as well as footballers generally, and spectators of Amateur Rugby Football in the District, to do everything in their power for the good of the Empire.”

The committee decided to hand over to the Marquis of Bute, with the consent of The Welsh Rugby Union and the Cardiff Cricket Club, all the structures on the Cardiff Arms Park, to be used in any way His Lordship might direct. Further, they agreed to offer his lordship their services, individually and collectively, for any work he may invite them to reform.

The UK's Daily Telegraph had to face up to a serious situation for the Allies:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-...t-31-1914.html

“We have just passed through the most critical week in the history of Europe and or democracy since the Napoleonic era. We are about to enter upon another even more critical.” This was E. Ashmead-Bartlett’s summation of what no amount of praise for the courage of the Allied troops could camouflage – a very serious situation with the Germans breaking into France having forced the Allies to retire a relatively considerable distance. Pages 6, 7 and 8 cover the situation was best they can, and seek to stress that our men are still in a position to stop this advance.

[Sailor Steve]

A fair picture of the situation throughout August 1914.





And the war in the East.



A far better set of maps - maybe the best there are - are available in the book The Historical Atlas of World War I, by Anthony Livesey. It is copyrighted material, and not available on the web, so if you want to see them you'll have to buy the book. I highly recommend it, as I believe it is the best atlas of its kind available.
http://www.amazon.com/Historical-Atl...of+world+war+i

In the UK it is available in its original format as The Viking Atlas of World War I.
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Viking-Atlas...of+world+war+1

If it looks like something you might want, be sure to use the link at the top right of the page, and Onkel Neal will get a cut at no extra cost to you.



August 31:

SMS Karlsruhe captures SS Strathroy, carrying 5,000 tons of prime Welsh coal. A prize crew takes the prize to join Karlsruhe's three colliers at Rocas.

[TarJak]

Lovely maps Steve.

[TarJak]

1 September 1914

The battle of Nery in the opening weeks of the Great War began when the advancing Germans surprised the 1st British Cavalry Brigade quartered in the small French town. Chaos ensued, and the British took time to organise their defence, but eventually struck back with two batteries of the Royal Horse Artillery especially distinguishing themselves. The Queen s Bays cavalry regiment charged in classic style, and the Germans, mistakenly believing themselves outnumbered, withdrew with heavy casualties. Though tiny by later Great War standards, the affair at Nery , in which three VCs - two of them posthumous - were won, was a textbook example of guns and horses teaming up to turn defeat into victory.

During the morning the British 5th Cavalry Brigade moved to the west bank of the Oise about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Cérizy (Moÿ-de-l'Aisne). Around noon German cavalry appeared on the road from St. Quentin and were engaged by a party of cavalry with a machine-gun 0.5-mile (0.80 km) east of Cérizy supported by a section of Royal Horse Artillery. The party of cavalry was forced back but German attempts to enter La Guinguette Farm were repulsed. In the afternoon, two German cavalry squadrons appeared and were engaged. The Germans dismounted and then their horses bolted, followed by the riders. The British immediately pursued around the eastern flank and met mounted cavalry near Moy and a party of lancers forced the Germans to dismount with rifle-fire and stampeded their horses. Mounted cavalry got within 50 yards (46 m), charged and inflicted 70–80 casualties with– swords and lances for a loss of five killed. The British gathered c. 30 wounded and estimated that the total German loss was 300 casualties. The Germans had expected to meet a weak infantry detachment and attacked with three dismounted squadrons, intending to charge with three more. A troops of Dragoons was overrun by British cavalry but the Germans eventually managed to disengage and withdraw behind a hill north of the woods; during the evening the British retired to the south.[

Air reconnaissance on the fronts of the VII Corps and X Reserve Corps on 31 August reported that the British were retreating south of the Aisne towards Crépy-en-Valois. The five Jägerbattalions of the II Cavalry Corps were sent towards Crépy on 1 September and encountered the 13th Brigade of the 5th Division, which began to retire at 10:00 a.m. A German attack began from Béthancourt, about 4 miles (6.4 km) from Crépy and mainly met the West Kents on the left flank. The 119th Battery of the XXVII Brigade RFA was about 100 yards (91 m) from the British line and fired 150 shells in five minutes, when the Germans had approached within 1,400 yards (1,300 m). By noon the British had fallen back and German cavalry patrols probed forward without infantry. On the right flank, the 2nd Duke of Wellingtons at a crossroads near Raperie, were able to withdraw, under cover of the other two batteries of the XXVII Brigade. The 1st Army had attempted to trap British rearguards at Crépy and Villers-Cotterêts but they had slipped away. Air reconnaissance revealed that British columns were moving south from the area south-west of Villers-Cotterêts, south of Crépy and from Creil.

The 6th Division of the III Corps crossed the Aisne at Vic on 1 September and engaged the 3rd Cavalry Brigade at Taillefontaine, about 5 miles (8.0 km) north-west of Villers and drove it slowly back towards the village
At 10:00 a.m. the 4th Guards Brigade was attacked by a mixed force of cavalry, infantry and artillery, which was repulsed until another attack at 10:45 a.m. and got round the western flank and advanced on an open area from Rond de la Reine to Croix de Belle Vue and filtered through gaps in the line of the 3rd Coldstream Guards, who fell back slowly, with the 2nd Grenadier Guards on the right. By 2:00 p.m. the British had retreated to the northern fringe of the village during hand-to-hand fighting. The British retreat began again at 6:00 p.m. and Villers-Cotterêts was captured late in the night, after the British had retired to the south and south-west. By the end of the day the 1st Army headquarters had abandoned hope of cornering large British forces south of Verberie, Crépy-en-Valois and Villers-Cotterêts.

A retired Admiral, Charles Fitzgerald, conceived the notion of the White Feather movement in Folkestone. Local women are encouraged to join in the shaming of non-combatants, with more or less success.

General Russian withdrawal towards the Bug.

St. Petersburg renamed "Petrograd".

In Galicia the Battle of Lemberg goes against the Austrians.

The Imperial Japanese Navy seaplane carrier Wakamiya arrives off Kiaochow Bay, China, to participate in operations during the Siege of Tsingtao. It is the first combat deployment of an aviation ship by any country.

No. 3 Squardon RNAS was formed at St Pol. This formation was later renamed to No. 203 Squardon RAF when the RAF was formed in 1918. Among its notable Officers Commanding were Canada's first ace, Redford Mulock; Lloyd S. Breadner, future Air Marshal of the Royal Canadian Air Force; Raymond Collishaw, sixth scoring ace of the war; and Tom F. Hazell, the Royal Air Force's tenth scoring ace of the war. The squadron produced a number of other notable aces, including Leonard Rochford; Arthur Whealy; James Alpheus Glen; Edwin Hayne; William Sidebottom; Frederick C. Armstrong; Joseph Stewart Temple Fall; Harold F. Beamish; future Air Marshal Aubrey Ellwood; John Joseph Malone; John Denis Breakey; Frederick Britnell; Francis Casey; Australia's highest scoring ace, Robert A. Little; Harold Spencer Kerby; Alfred Williams Carter; and Herbert Travers.

Eleven of the squadron's 23 aces were Canadian. The squadron claimed about 250 aerial victories during World War I.

[Jimbuna]

1st September

Western Front

Soissons bombarded and occupied by Germans. The Germans take Soissons and Craonne

French 5th Army crosses the Aisne despite the extreme fatigue of its troops

Pétain takes command of the 6th Division in the 5th Army

The German 1st Army clashes with the French 6th Army and with the retreating BEF south of Compiègne at Néry (where British Battery L fights to its last shell and its last two men), at Crépy-en-Valois, and at Villers-Cottérêts: large-scale cavalry losses cripple the Germans’ ability to scout on their right flank. Both sides fought dismounted and British reinforcements arrived and completely routed the German 4th Cavalry division.

Action at Villers-Cotterets: British 4th (Guards) Brigade checks German advance.

In a tense conference in Paris, Kitchener confronts the sullen Sir John French and orders him to cooperate with the French Army

The gap between the corps of the BEF is finally closed after a week

The panicky British headquarters retreats rapidly from Dammartin: a shaken Henry Wilson orders his staff to “Drive like hell for Paris.”

Joffre receives more reports that the German 1st Army is shifting southeastwards, including evidence from a bloodstained map that was retrieved from a dead German staff officer, but it is not until Sep.03 that this crucial change in direction is clearly confirmed by Allied intelligence

GQG issues General Order No. 4, calling for a continued Allied retreat followed by a counterattack on the German center using troops from Paris

Kluck’s German 1st Army is within thirty miles of Paris

Joffre places the 6th Army under Gallieni’s command

Paris is again bombed by a German aircraft

The French government decides to leave for Bordeaux by the next day

The frightened Paris Prefect of Police resigns “for reasons of health”

Eastern Front

On the Southwest Front, the Russian 4th Army checked the Austro-Hungarian 1st Army's drive before it could reach Lublin. The Austro-Hungarian 3rd and 2nd Armies were retiring west of Lemberg along the line of the Wereszyca River.

In Galicia, the Austro-Hungarian 4th Army briefly occupied Komarov and drove southeast towards Rava Russka to do battle with Ruzskiy's 3rd Russian Army, which was already closing in on Lemberg (Lvov).

East Prussia: General Russian withdrawal towards the Bug.

Asia & Africa

First unit of Indian Expeditionary Force "C" arrives at Mombasa.
General J. Stewart takes over command of British forces in East Africa.

Political, etc.

German ambassador to the US declares, “The war is over. Germany has won….Germany did not desire war; her wish has always been for peace.”

Russia: St. Petersburg renamed "Petrograd".

Naval:

British warships stop two American liners off Hong Kong and detains 60 German and Austrian passengers.

[TarJak]

2 September 1914

Viscount Edward Grey cables the Japanese Government on behalf of the Admiralty requesting that they "send a division of the Japanese Navy to cooperate with the British and French fleets primarily in the Mediterranean and ultimately in the decisive theatre of the naval war."

Despite not wanting to send their ships so far afield, the Japanese used the invitation as an excuse to expand their influence in the Pacific. They agreed to assume larger responsibilities in the Pacific and to send a cruiser squadron to the 'South Seas' to try to locate the German warships and to destroy the German bases in the North Pacific islands.

British forces withdraw to Chantilly-Nanteuil.
Malines bombarded by the Germans.

In Galicia the Battle of Lemberg ends with a rout of the Austrians, who lose 130,000 men.

In Poland the Austrian advance is checked at Lyublin.

Japanese troops landed for the attack on the fortress in Tsing-tau.

The French government leaves Paris for Bordeaux.

[Jimbuna]

2nd September

Action at Villers-Cotterets: British 4th (Guards) Brigade checks German advance.

Soissons bombarded and occupied by Germans.

Martha, the last passenger pigeon, has died at the Cincinnati Zoo.

Battle of Zamosc-Komarow ends.

Ship Losses:

Ajax ( United Kingdom): The trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off the mouth of the River Humber with the loss of nine of her crew.
HMT Eyrie ( Royal Navy): The naval trawler was lost on this date.
Fittonia ( United Kingdom): The trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off the mouth of the River Humber with the loss of seven of her crew.

[Sailor Steve]

September 2:

Just before midnight on the 1st a German officer driving from von Kluck's headquarters to his division heads takes a wrong turn and is killed by a French patrol. His despatch case is taken to Colonel Marie Bertrand Alfred Fagalde of French Intelligence. Fagalde discovers a map showing the exact location of von Kluck's forces as well as the German general's exact plans for the following day. Von Kluck's plan is not to move south toward Paris, but south-east to attack the weak point where British and French armies meet.

On the 2nd the BEF reach the Marne River. "The troops have quite recovered their spirits and are getting fitter every day, and all they want is the order to go forward and attack the enemy - but that is not possible with the present rearward move of the French Army."
-General Sir Horace Lockwood Smith-Dorrien, diary

A German cavalry patrol captures The Times correspondent Arthur Moore. He will be released in just a few days.

At the same time as thousands of Belgian refugees are approaching Paris from the north, one-third of the city's population - almost a million people - are fleeing to the south, along with the French government.

In the village of Senlis, Mayor Eugene Odent and six other citizens are taken to a field and executed.

"It is the stern necessity of war that the punishment for hostile acts falls not only on the guilty, but on the innocent as well."
-Field Marshall Baron Wilhelm Leopold Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz, German Governor in Brussels

[TarJak]

3 September 1914

SMS EMDEN approached the island of Simeulue during the evening hoping to meet the coaling ship Ulm in Langini Harbour. The continued loud radio traffic from the British ship using the call sign QMD, puzzled the crew. The ship must have been in close proximity and later that evening they learned that evening had been the second time the EMDEN had escaped being located by enemy forces. The first had been in the Yellow Sea when EMDEN trailed the French squadron. The second was when QMD had apparently searched Langini Harbour as the EMDEN was navigating the islands to the North on the way to Langini. Luckily for EMDEN, QMD had been 24 hours too early.

The AN&MEF and the ships associated with transporting them were making final preparations in Port Moresby for their departure for Rabaul. The force would sail on 7 September 1914 with the objective of capturing the German radio station on Rabaul.

Germans reach and begin to cross the Marne. They occupy line Ville sur Tourbe-River Suippe-Chateau Thierry. Germans evacuate Lille.

Lemberg, capital of Galicia, occupied by the Russians, who capture much booty.

H.M.S. "Speedy" destroyed by a mine. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi...40909.2.14.3.2 http://ww1photos.com/CasualtyLists/C...h_Sep_1914.pdf

Election of Pope Benedict XV.

Prince Wilhelm of Wied, Albania leaves for Venice. With Albania in a state of civil war since July 1914, Greece occupying the south of the country, the great powers at war with one another, his regime collapsed, and so Prince William left the country on 3 September 1914 originally heading to Venice. Despite leaving Albania he did so insisting that he remained head of state. In his proclamation he informed the people that "he deemed it necessary to absent himself temporarily."

[Jimbuna]

3rd September

Western Front

Germans evacuate Lille.

At Senlis, near Paris, French composer Magnard is killed in his burning house after shooting two German cavalrymen

German cavalry reaches Ecouen, only eight miles from Paris

A French Cavalry Corps is organized to protect the left flank of the French 5th Army, exposed by the rapid retreat of the BEF

The main bodies of the BEF and 5th Army retreat over the Marne

Joffre sacks the overwhelmed Lanrezac, replacing him with the tough, energetic d’Esperey as 5th Army commander - d’Esperey tells a reluctant corps commander “There is to be no more discussion. You will march; march or drop dead.”

Kluck’s German 1st Army reaches and begins to cross the Marne: they occupy line Ville sur Tourbe-River Suippe-Chateau Thierry.

Reims is abandoned by the French as an open city and is occupied by Bülow’s 2nd Army

Rupprecht’s German 6th Army launches a renewed offensive on the Moselle in Lorraine

Gallieni publicly proclaims that he will defend Paris “to the end.”

Gallieni learns that the German Army is turning away from Paris and he makes plans to attack its exposed flank, conferring with his Chief of Staff.

Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first mechanized unit of the British Army, is formed.

Eastern Front

Lemberg, capital of Galicia, occupied by the Russians, who capture much booty.

In the Baltic Sea, the Russians began fortifying the Aaland Islands and Moon Sound, stationing torpedo boats and submarines in those areas, while simultaneously increasing the guard on the critical Irben Straits.

Political, etc.

Woodrow Wilson announces he will run for a second term as President of the United States.

French Government inform united States Government that they will observe "Declaration of London" subject to certain modifications.

The Paris Bourse closes

Rome: election of Pope Benedict XV.

Albania: Prince Wilhelm of Wied leaves Albania.

Naval and Overseas Operations:

H.M.S. "Speedy" destroyed by a mine: SPEEDY, minesweeper, ex-Alarm-class torpedo gunboat, 810t, 1893, 1 or 2-4.7in/4-3pdr/3-18in tt, 19kts, c90 crew, converted to minesweeper 1909, retained guns, fitted with kite winch & gallows on quarterdeck, Lieutenant Commander Edward Miller Rutherfoord. Rescuing Lindsell's survivors, but mined herself. Whole of after part blown off including rudder and propellers, flooded and sank an hour later, 30 miles off the Humber (dx - 12 miles NNE of Outer Dowsing LV; wi - in 53.34N, 00.10E); 1 rating lost.

Ship Losses:

HMT Lindsell ( Royal Navy): The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea with the loss of five of her crew. Survivors were rescued by HMS Speedy ( Royal Navy).
Maple Branch ( United Kingdom): The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 250 nautical miles (460 km) south west of the St. Paul Rocks by SMS Karlsruhe ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Shirotaye ( Imperial Japanese Navy): The Asakaze-class destroyer was wrecked in the Yellow Sea (approximately 36°00′N 120°30′E) whilst involved in a battle with SMS Jaguar ( Kaiserliche Marine.
HMS Speedy ( Royal Navy): World War I: The Alarm-class torpedo gunboat struck a mine and sank in the North Sea with the loss of one of her 91 crew.

[Sailor Steve]

September 3:

At Pontoise German soldiers blow up a bridge over the Seine River. General Joseph Simon Gallieni, military governor of Paris, issues a proclamation: "I have received the order to defend Paris against the invader. This order I shall fulfill to the end." The newly-formed 6th Army under General Michel-Joseph Manoury is assigned to entrench its 80,000 men around Paris in support of Gallieni. Manoury had led the 14th Infantry Division's failed attempt to block von Kluck at Proyart on August 29th. General Joffe orders Gallieni to have Manoury's mobile units to attack von Kluck's right flank if the opportunity arises.

A British aerial reconaissnce report confirming von Kluck's movement to the south-east is forwarded from General French to General Joffre. This allows Joffre to make plans for a counter-attack on von Kluck's left flank. Joffre orders the attack to begin the following day.

It was later claimed that Joffre had high praise for the RFC: "The British Flying Corps had played a prominent, in fact a vital part, in watching and following this all-important movement on which so much depended. Thanks to the aviators he had been kept accurately and constantly informed of Kluck's movements. To them he owed the certainty which had enabled him to make his plans in good time."

SMS Karlsruhe captures and scuttles SS Maple Branch, but not before removing part of a cargo of ship's stores and livestock.

Off the coast of German East Africa, Captain Looff of SMS Königsberg hides his ship up the Rufiji River to overhaul her engines. This will take a very long time, as German supply ships have to elude the British patrol boat Pegasus. Fortunately for them Pegasus was the only ship the Royal Navy has in the vicinity, and she is old and worn out.

[Jimbuna]

4th September

Western Front

Belgians open dykes and stop a German advance on Antwerp.

The troops of the German right, the French left and the BEF are in extreme stages of fatigue: ~a British officer writes “I would never have believed that men could be so tired and so hungry and yet live.” - Kluck reports to OHL that “the 1st Army… has reached the limit of its endurance.”

Advance of German First Army towards Paris diverted in a south-easterly direction.

Ignoring orders, Kluck pushes his 1st Army over the Marne

The BEF receives 20,000 replacements

The new 5th Army commander d’Esperey informs his staff that he will shoot any officer who fails in his duty

German 2nd Army erroneously reports that the French are falling back in disorder

The First Battle of the Marne (prelude). French and British aviators confirm that the German 1st Army’s right flank is exposed - without authorization, Gallieni begins preparations for an attack from Paris by the French 6th Army against Kluck’s 1st Army - GQG is informed of Gallieni’s proposed counterattack and debates the plan - d’Esperey meets with Henry Wilson at Bray and persuades him to support a counteroffensive, although the BEF continues to retreat - Gallieni confers with indecisive British Chief of Staff Murray at Melun and draws up plans for a counterattack - d’Esperey dictates a concise, well-conceived plan for a counteroffensive - Joffre commits to a general counter-offensive - Joffre receives d’Esperey’s plan and uses it as the basis for the Battle of the Marne - Joffre agrees to move the attack up to Sep.06 under pressure from Gallieni - Joffre signs General Order No. 6 for a counterstroke against the German right flank - Joffre learns that Sir John French is waffling about the proposed counterattack
Rupprecht and the Kaiser refuse to allow Moltke to transfer troops from 6th Army to the threatened German right wing

The Battle of Grand Couronné (4th - 13th September 1914) took place in the Meuse-Meurthe area of Lorraine between the French Second Army and the German Sixth Army. Following on from the failure of the French to hold the German advance at the Battle of Lorraine the French Second Army occupied an arc of high ground on a series of hills near Nancy. The German Sixth Army was aiming to capture the city, a prize which would be worthy of a grand entrance by Kaiser Wilhelm II himself. Indeed, he arrived in his Royal Train to observe the German attack and to attend a victory parade in the captured city. The Germans caused damage to villages and to Nancy by artillery bombardments, but did not succeed in capturing the city. Pont-à-Mousson and Lunéville were re-occupied by the French and Nancy was securely held in French territory for the duration of the war.

Still optimistic, an OHL intelligence officer tells German 5th Army “We are advancing triumphantly everywhere”

Moltke fears a counterattack, and orders the German right to halt entirely abandoning the Schlieffen Plan.

Aviation

Dogfight occurs over the skies of Paris between German and French fliers, but no losses occur.

Eastern Front

In north Poland, von Hindenburg's 8th Army advanced against remnants of General Schneidemann's Russian 2nd Army. In heavy fighting the Germans took Mlava.

On the Southwest Front, the Russians began organizing a government of occupation for conquered regions in Galicia. Tsar Nicholas II issued an Imperial decree extending to the whole duration of the war the prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages.

Political, etc.

Great Britain: Mr Asquith at Guildhall justifies Britain's entry into the war.

German Government agree to observe "Declaration of London" if other belligerents conform thereto, and issue their list of contraband.

In Berlin, Princess Blucher writes “Nothing is talked of but the expected entry into Paris.”

...............Triple Entente 'No Separate Peace' Agreement...............
From the French Yellow Book.

With the war underway there was concern among the Entente Powers that none among them should attempt to negotiate a separate peace with the Central Powers, thus gravely weakening the ability of the remaining belligerents to continue the war.
Thus the 'No Separate Peace' agreement came about, agreed by Britain, France and Russia in Paris on 4 September 1914, barely a month into the war.

Declaration of London

M. Delcasse, Minister for Foreign Affairs, to the French Ambassadors and Ministers abroad.

Paris, September 4, 1914

The following declaration has this morning been signed at the Foreign Office at London:

"The undersigned duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments hereby declare as follows:

"The British, French, and Russian Governments mutually engage not to conclude peace separately during the present war.
The three Governments agree that when terms of peace come to be discussed, no one of the Allies will demand terms of peace without the previous agreement of each of the other Allies."

Signed:
Paul Cambon
Count Benckendorff
Edward Grey

This declaration will be published today.
Delcasse

Naval and Overseas Operations

German Government agree to observe "Declaration of London" if other belligerents conform thereto, and issue their list of contraband.

Ship Losses:

Indian Prince ( United Kingdom): The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 240 nautical miles (440 km) east by north of Pernambuco, Brazil by SMS Kronprinz Wilhelm ( Kaiserliche Marine).

[Sailor Steve]

Originally Posted by Jimbuna

Dogfight occurs over the skies of Paris between German and French fliers, but no losses occur.

Source please? Since no one has successfully mounted a machine gun to an airplane yet, I'm curious as to what they were "dogfighting" with. Pistols?

[nikimcbee]

5th Sept.

First blood is drawn.

U-21 sinks HMS Pathfinder.


HMS Pathfinder





Otto Hersing


U-21

100 years later...

[Sailor Steve]

Aren't you getting a little ahead of yourself?