100 Years Ago Today

[Jimbuna]

2nd April 1916

Eastern Front

Germans repulsed in Liakhovichi region.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Russians cross Upper Chorok, taking fortified mountain positions (Armenia).

Aviation







Captured German Zeppelin Commander of the L15 states no German officer “would willingly participate in the killing of women & children.”

Political, etc.

A massive explosion occurs in the gunpowder mill near Faversham, resulting in 115 deaths.

Mr. Asquith received by the Pope.

Resumption of work advised by Clyde strike committee.

Ship Losses:

Anniel E. Larder (United Kingdom) The schooner was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew survived.
Arena (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the North Sea (57°29′N 5°26′E) by SM U-70 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
HMT Commandant (Royal Navy) The naval trawler was lost on this date.
Simla (United Kingdom) The passenger ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 45 nautical miles (83 km) north west of Gozo, Malta (36°25′N 13°12′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of ten crew.

[Sailor Steve]

April 2, 1916:
　
Air War:
0655 Irish RFC pilot David Mary Tidmarsh, flying DH.2 5924, and 2nd Lt. S.J. Sibley, in DH.2 5498, share the downing of an Albatros two-seater. It is the first victory for each, and the first recorded victory for Geoffrey de Havilland's pusher fighter.

French pilot Alfred Auger, in a Nieuport 11, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 2.

French pilot Charles Nungesser, flying a Nieuport 11, shoots down a German observation balloon for victory number 3.



North Sea:
Otto Wünsche, commanding U-70, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Arena, 1,019 tons, bound from Fredrikstad to Hull with a mixed cargo of Ferrosilicon, paper and lumber. This brings his score to 27 ships and 28,887 tons.
　
French barque SV Borubaki, 2,208 tons, carrying a load of Barley from San Francisco to Ipswich, hits a mine laid by Georg Haag in UC-7. The heavily damaged ship is towed to Butterman's Bay and later repaired.
　
His Majesty's Trawler Commandant, 207 tons, also hits a mine laid by UC-7, raising Haag's score to 16 ships and 26,916 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Walter Forstmann, in U-39, torpedoes British freighter SS Simla, 5,884 tons, travelling in ballast from Marseille to an unspecified destination. Forstmann's score is now 47 ships and 118,022 tons.



Morocco, Atlantic Coast:
French passenger/cargo ship SS Iméréthie, 3,260 tons, carrying a general cargo from Marseille to Morocco, is lost in a collision with French cruiser Cassard off Mulay Buselhame, Morocco. The merchant had suffered an engine breakdown. At 2330 Cassard is attempting to tow the powerless steamer into the port of Larache when the collision occurrs. The crew of Iméréthie are taken off and despite continued efforts to tow her the ship sinks in the evening of April 3.

[Jimbuna]

3rd April 1916

Western Front

Verdun: French re-occupy west part of Vaux village.

German salient captured, British line advanced on 600 yards front at St. Eloi.

Eastern Front

Germans repulsed at bridgehead of Uxkull (Dvina).

Southern Front

Greeks refuse overland route - Corfu-Salonika to Serbian army.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

British retirement at Alawad (near Aden).

Aviation

31 Allied aeroplanes raid the Krupp gun plant at Essen in retaliation for a zeppelin raid on Dunkirk.



Political, etc.

Germany apologizes to Switzerland after a plane mistakenly bombed a Swiss village and promises to punish the pilot.

Allied Powers reject U.S. protests against the seizure, detention, and censoring of neutral states' mails.

Bulgaria informs Greece that Bulgarian troops have been ordered to withdraw across frontier.

German journalist Maximilian Harden: “Let us come to the conclusion that the war was a mistake, made not by one but by all.”

Ship Losses:

Clan Campbell (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 29 nautical miles (54 km) south east of Cape Bon, Tunisia (36°47′N 11°33′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ellaston (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 65 nautical miles (120 km) north west by west of Cape Serrat, Tunisia (37°41′N 7°59′E) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Enrichetta (Imperial Russian Navy) The auxiliary minesweeper was shelled and damaged in the Black Sea west of Lazistan by SM U-33 ( Kaiserliche Marine). She became a total loss by 16 April.
Giuseppe Padre (Italy) The brigantine was sunk in the Strait of Sicily (36°55′N 11°20′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Ino (Norway) The coaster struck a mine laid by UC 10 (Alfred Nitzsche) and sank in the North Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) south of the Kentish Knock Lightship ( United Kingdom) (51°28′40″N 1°35′20″E). Her crew survived.
HMT Pecheur (Royal Navy) The naval trawler collided with another vessel and sank in the Irish Sea off the Smalls Lighthouse.
Sneaton (United Kingdom) The collier was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 35 nautical miles (65 km) north north east of Cape de la Garde, Algeria by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

April 3, 1916:
　
Air War:
French ace Jean Navarre, in a Nieuport 11, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 8.

French pilot Charles Nungesser, flying a Nieuport 11, shoots down an LVG two-seater for victory number 4.

English observer Maurice Douglas Guest Scott, riding in Vickers FB.5 2882 with an unnamed pilot, shoots down a German two-seater for his first aerial victory.



North Sea:
Hans Valentiner, commanding UB-16, captures Dutch sailing vessel SV Elziena Helena, 121 tons, bound from Drammen for Poole with a load of timber. His score is now 17 ships and 10,933 tons.

Norwegian freighter SS Ino, 702 tons, carrying a load of coal from Blythe to Rouen, hits a mine laid by Alfred Nitzsche in UC-10. Nitzsche's score is now 10 ships and 19,582 tons.



Black Sea:
Konrad Gansser, in U-33, attacks Russian converted minesweeper Enrichetta, 442 tons, with his deck gun. The crippled ship stays afloat, but despite efforts to save her, will sink thirteen days later, raising Gansser's score to 46 ships and 121,055 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Claus Rucker, in U-34, sinks British freighters SS Ellaston, 3,796 tons, en route from Immingham to Alexandria with a load of coal; and SS Sneaton, 3,470 tons, carrying coal form Hull to Alexandria. This raises his score to 22 ships and 77,355 tons.
　
Walter Forstmann, in U-39, sinks British freighter SS Clan Campbell, 5,897 tons, travelling from Tuticorin to London with a general cargo. His score is now 48 ships and 123,919 tons.



South Africa:
After nine days under tow, HMS Mersey and Fleet Auxiliary Trent arrive at Durban, South Africa.

[Jimbuna]

4th April 1916

Western Front

Battle of Verdun: French progress north of Bois de Caillette.

Eastern Front

General Brusilov succeeds General Ivanov in command of southern front.

Naval and Overseas Operations

British attack Lol Kissale (German East Africa).

Aviation

Zeppelin raid on east coast; 1 killed, 9 injured.

Political, etc.

Chancellor of the Exchequer McKenna asks for a budget of £1.825 billion to fund the war, which costs Britain £5 million daily.

Clyde strike ends.

Salvation Army announces a plan to introduce British war widows to bachelors in Canada and the United States.

Netherlands moves its troops to the German border. Dutch officials state it is a “dress rehearsal” for contingencies.

Holland reaffirms her neutrality after a secret sitting of the Chamber.

Daniel Hoan, member of the Socialist Party, is elected mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (he will serve for 24 more years).

Ship Losses:

Bendew (United Kingdom) The cargo ship struck a mine laid by UC 1 (Egon von Werner) and sank in the Thames Estuary 9 nautical miles (17 km) south of the Kentish Knock Lightship ( United Kingdom) (51°30′N 1°37′E) with the loss of a crew member.
Maria Carmella Findari (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Strait of Sicily by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Giuseppe Padre (Italy) The sailing ship was sunk in the Strait of Sicily
(36° 55'N, 11° 20'E) by U 39 (Walter Forstmann).

[Sailor Steve]

April 4, 1916:

Air War:
German ace Hans-Joachim Buddecke, flying a Fokker E,III for the Turkish Air Force, files a claim for a Farman two-seater. It is listed as "Unconfirmed", his seventh such denial.

French pilot Lucien Jailler, in a Nieuport 10, shoots down an LVG two-seater for victory number 3.

French pilot Charles Nungesser, flying a Nieuport 11, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft", for victory number 5.



North Sea:
British freighter SS Bendew, 3,681 tons, bound from Port Briera, Algeria for Tyne, hits a mine laid by Egon von Werner in UC-1. Von Werner's score is now 18 ships and 22,933 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Walter Forstmann, commanding U-39, sinks Italian brigantine SV Giuseppe Padre, 184 tons; and SV Maria Carmella Findari, 42 tons, bringing his score to 50 ships and 124,145 tons.



South Africa:
Old 2nd class cruiser HMS Challenger departs Simonstown for Durban.
　
At Durban, work begins transferring stores from FA Trent to HMS Mersey.

[Jimbuna]

5th April 1916

Western Front

Battle of Verdun: Germans occupy Haucourt; attack on Bethincourt breaks down.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

British take Um-el-Hanna and Falahiya position (Mesopotamia), and positions on right bank of Tigris.

Sir J. Nixon's Mesopotamian despatch of 1 January 1916 published.

Naval and Overseas Operations

German submarine SM UB-26 is trapped in a French anti-submarine net and is scuttled by the crew.

"Breslau" aids Turks near Trebizond.

Aviation

Germany claims they shot down 44 British and French aeroplanes in March, while they only lost 14 aeroplanes.

Zeppelin raid on north-east coast: 1 killed, 9 injured.



Political, etc.

List of certified trades under Military Service Act revised.

"Military Medal" instituted.

General Morone becomes Minister of War in Italy.

Field Marshal Charles Henry Brownlow, veteran of the Indian Mutiny and 2nd Opium War, has passed away.


Ship Losses:

Baus (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel 15 nautical miles (28 km) west north west of Cap de la Hève, Seine-Maritime, France by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of four of her crew. Survivors were rescued by a French fishing vessel.
Chantala (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km) north of Cape Bengut Algeria (37°12′N 3°48′E) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of nine crew.
Jeanette (France) The lugger was sunk in the English Channel 12 nautical miles (22 km) off St. Catherine's Point, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
SM UB-26 (Kaiserliche Marine) The Type UB II submarine was trapped in anti submarine nets and was scuttled. Subsequently salvaged by the French, repaired and entered French Navy service at Roland Morillot.
Zent (United Kingdom) The refrigerated cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 28 nautical miles (52 km) west by south of the Fastnet Rock by SM U-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 49 crew.

[Catfish]

^ "Field Marshal Charles Henry Brownlow, veteran of the Indian Mutiny and 2nd Opium War..."

How nicely phrased..
This thread ..

[Sailor Steve]

April 5, 1916:

English Channel:
Otto Steinbrink, commanding UB-18, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Baus, 1,287 tons, bound from South Shields for Rouen with a load of coal; and French lugger SV Jeannette, 160 tons, travelling in ballast fro Boulogne to Ireland. His score is now 34 ships and 35,528 tons.
　
UB-26, commanded by Wilhelm Smiths, becomes entangled in nets laid by French destroyer Trombe. Smiths has no choice but to surface and scuttle his boat. He and the other 20 members of his crew are taken prisoner. Smiths had previously commanded UB-5 and sank 5 ships for a total of 996 tons. After the war Smiths will become German consul in Messina and manage a company manufacturing citrus-fruit essences.

Thorwald von Bothmer, in U-66, begins his career with the torpedoing of British freighter SS Zent, 3,890 tons, travelling in ballast from Garston for Santa Marta, Colombia.




Mediterranean Sea:
Claus Rücker, in U-34, torpedoes British freighter SS Chantala, 4,951 tons, carrying a general cargo from Tees and London to Calcutta, bringing his score to 23 ships and 82,306 tons.



United States:
American schooner SV Elsie A. Bayles, 251 tons, sailing out of Providence, Rhode Island, is wrecked off the New Inlet Coast Guard Station south of Bodie Island, North Carolina.



Bahama Islands:
British lighthouse tender SS Carnarvon, 514 tons, travelling from Nasssau to Watling island, runs aground at Egg Island. The wreck still sits on the shallow bottom today.



Argentina:
Norwegian freighter SS Marika, 2,811 tons, carrying a load of maize from Buenos Aires to Aarhus, Denmark, capsizes and sinks off the Rio de la Plata, with the loss of 16 lives.

[Jimbuna]

6th April 1916


Western Front

Battle of Verdun: German progress between Bethincourt and Hill 265.

Germans regain two craters at St. Eloi.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Russians drive Turks across Kara Dere (Armenia).

Failure of preliminary British attack on Sanna-i-Yat.

Naval and Overseas Operations

Lol Kissale (German East Africa) captured.

Aviation

German zeppelins raid fortifications at Hull and iron works near Whitby in the 5th aerial attack on Britain in 6 days.



Political, etc.

Spanish government demands explanation from Germany for the sinking of the Spanish steamer Vigo.

Count Ferdinand Zeppelin congratulates the Germany military for its successive zeppelin air raids against Britain.

German Chancellor: “We must create real guarantees that Belgium shall never be a Franco-British vassal…”

Houston Stewart Chamberlain, author and son of a British Rear Admiral, applies for German citizenship.


Ship Losses:

Asger Ryg (Denmark) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel west of Beachy Head, East Sussex, United Kingdom by SM UB-29 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of all fifteen crew.
Beicos (Belgium) The cargo ship foundered in the Black Sea.
Binicaise (France) The schooner was sunk in the English Channel (50°20′N 7°00′W) by SM U-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Stjerneborg (Denmark) The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea south of Sardinia, Italy (38°45′N 9°15′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew were rescued by a Regia Marina warship.
Vesuvio (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 6 nautical miles (11 km) east of the Owers Lightship ( United Kingdom) (50°38′30″N 0°31′30″E) by SM UB-29 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of seven of her crew.
Yonne (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 18 nautical miles (33 km) north north west of Cape Cherchell, Algeria by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Colbert (France) The troopship was damaged by gunfire from U 39 (Walter Forstmann) off the west coast of Sardinia and suffered two casualties.
Vennacher (United Kingdom) The tanker was torpedoed 28 miles WNW of Skerryvore and damaged by U 22 (Bruno Hoppe) there were no casualties.

[Sailor Steve]

April 6, 1916:
　
Irish Sea:
Bruno Hoppe, commanding U-22, torpedoes British tanker SS Vennacher, 4,926 tons, bound from Glasgow for Key West, Florida. The damaged ship makes port and is repaired.



English Channel:
Thorwald von Bothmer, in U-66, sinks French schooner SV Binicaise, 151 tons, en route from St. Malo to Briton Ferry with a load of scrap iron and steel. His score is now 2 ships and 4,041 tons.

Herbert Pustkuchen, in UB-29, torpedoes British freighter SS Vesuvio, 1,391 tons, heading from Messina to London with a general cargo; and Danish freighter SS Asger Ryg, 1,134 tons, carrying a load of coal from Tyne to Algiers. Asger Ryg is lost with all hands and listed as missing until records are compared after the war. Pustkuchen's score is now 27 ships and 39,135 tons.



Meditteranean Sea:
Claus Rücker, in U-34, sinks British freighter SS Yonne, 4,039 tons, carrying a load of coal from Clyde to Alexandria. His score is now 24 ships and 86,345 tons.
　
Just south of Sardinia Walter Forstmann, in U-29, sinks Danish freighter SS Stjerneborg, 1,592 tons, travelling from Dunston to Bagnoli with a load of coal, bringing his score to 51 ships and 125,737 tons. Forstmann also attacks French troopship Colbert, 5,394 tons, but the damaged ship escapes with the loss of two lives.



German East Africa:
British monitor HMS Severn is patrolling off Dar-es-Salaam when they spot the German signal station there flying a white flag. Severn stops and is approached by a German motor boat. The boat's commander hands over a letter, which is transferred to gunboat HMS Fly and taken to Zanzibar. The German boat returns to Dar-es-Salaam and Severn resumes her patrol.

[Jimbuna]

7th April 1916

Western Front

Battle of Verdun: French repulse an attack south and east of Haucourt.

German artillery continues its bombardment of Rheims. Around a thousand artillery shells hit the city.


Eastern Front

Renewed fighting at Lake Naroch (south of Dvinsk).

Southern Front

Bulgarians and Germans bomb Salonika lines.

Italian retirement from trenches on the Rauchkofel (Carnic.).

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Russians repulse three attacks on Kara Dere.

Cars raid Moraisa (18 miles north-west of Sollum, western Egypt).

Political, etc.

First married groups called up.

Dutch Chamber authorises calling up of 1917 class.

Great Britain rejects German suggestions that it would end its submarine warfare if Britain loosens its blockade of Germany.

German government expropriates stockpiles of coffee, tea, and chicory in order to control their distribution.

Reichstag member von Payer: “We feel ourselves united with America by ties of blood, and we hope the American people will give us justice.”

German Reichstag again discusses the issue of submarine warfare as U.S. pressure towards Germany grows.

Ship Losses:

Braunton (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 4.5 nautical miles (8.3 km) south by west of Beachy Head, East Sussex (50°39′N 1°11′E) by SM UB-29 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Clyde (United Kingdom) The brig was scuttled in the English Channel 32 nautical miles (59 km) north of Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, France by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Eemdijk (Netherlands) The cargo ship was torpedoed and damaged in the English Channel 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) south south west of St. Catherine's Point, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom (50°30′N 1°19′W) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). She was beached but was later refloated, repaired and returned to service.
Halcyon (United Kingdom) The cargo ship struck a mine laid by UC 6 (Matthias Graf von Schmettow) and sank in the English Channel 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km) south west by south of Folkestone, Kent (51°01′N 1°10′E). Her crew survived.
Marguerite (France) The sailing vessel was sunk in the English Channel 25 nautical miles (46 km) north of Cap de la Hève, Seine Maritime by SM UB-29 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Rijndijk (Netherlands) The cargo ship was torpedoed and damaged in the Atlantic Ocean 20 nautical miles (37 km) west north west of the Bishop Rock, Isles of Scilly United Kingdom by SM U-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine). She was beached but was later refloated.
Sainte Marie (France) The barquentine was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) west of the Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom (49°45′N 7°10′W) by SM U-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine).

[Sailor Steve]

April 7, 1916:

Air War:
1720 Italian pilot Francesco Baracca, flying a Nieuport 11, shoots down a Hansa-Brandenberg C.I for his first aerial victory.

Italian pilot Luigi Olivari, in an unnamed aircraft, shoots down an unnamed two-seater for his first kill.



Celtic Sea:
Thorwald von Bothmer, commanding U-66, stops French barquentine SV Sainte Marie, bound from Fecamp for Newfoundland with a load of salt, and sinks her with his deck gun. His score is now 3 ships and 4,439 tons. Von Bothmer also torpedoes Dutch freighter SS Rijndijk, 3,557 tons, carrying a load of wheat from Portland, Maine, to Rotterdam. The ship is beached and later refloated.



English Channel:
Otto Steinbrinck, in UB-18, stops and sinks British brigantine SV Clyde, 204 tons, travelling from London to Dieppe with a load of scrap iron. His score is now 35 ships and 35,732 tons. Steinbrink also torpedoes Dutch freighter SS Eemdijk, 3,048 tons, carrying a load of maize from Baltimore to Rotterdam, but the damaged ship makes port and is repaired.

Herbert Pustkuchen, in UB-29, torpedoes British freighter SS Braunton, 4,575 tons, bound from Boulogne for Newport with a load of government stores; and sinks French sailboat SV Marguerite, 42 tons. His score is now 29 ships and 43,572 tons.

British freighter SS Halcyon, 1,319 tons, carrying a general cargo from Bordeaux to London, hits a mine laid by Matthias von Schmettow in UC-6, bringing his score to 33 ships and 43,180 tons.



South Africa:
Old second-class cruiser HMS Challenger arrives at Durban, meets monitor HMS Mersey.

The crew of Mersey, meanwhile, are busy loading ammunition and setting up the guns.

[Jimbuna]

8th April 1916

Western Front

Battle of Verdun: French evacuate Bethincourt: German gain at Haucourt reported.

French officer defending Verdun: “The Mort-Homme smoked like a volcano with innumerable craters.”

Ship Losses:

HMS Adamton (Royal Navy) The collier was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 15 nautical miles (28 km) north of Skerryvore (56°32′N 7°26′W) by SM U-22 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of a crew member.
Moss Rose (United Kingdom) The tug foundered at Barry, Glamorgan. Her crew were rescued.
Sal'dagan (Russia) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Black Sea (44°52′N 32°40′E) by SM UB-7 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Santanderino (Spain) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 18 nautical miles (33 km) off Ouessant, Finistère, France (48°20′N 5°33′W) by SM U-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of four of her twenty crew. Survivors were rescued by a Norwegian merchant ship.
Zafra (United Kingdom) The collier was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 44 nautical miles (81 km) north of Oran, Algeria (36°26′N 1°00′E) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.


(Western Mail cartoon)

[Sailor Steve]

April 8, 1916:
　
Air War:
German observer Karl Friedrich Kurt Jentsch, riding as observer in an unnamed two-seater with an unnamed pilot, is credited with shooting down a Farman MF.11 for his first kill.



Scotland:
Bruno Hoppe, commanding U-22, uses his deck gun to sink British freighter SS Adamton, 2,304 tons, travelling in ballast to Barry. Hoppe's score is now 8 ships and 17,972 tons.



Celtic Sea:
Thorwald von Bothmer, in U-66, sinks Spanish freighter SS Santanderino, 3,346 tons, travelling from Liverpool to Havana. This brings his score to 4 ships and 7,784 tons.



Black Sea:
Wilhelm Werner, in UB-7, sinks Russian sailing vessel Sal'dagan, 75 tons, bringing his score to 2 vessels and 6,086 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Claus Rücker, in U-34, sinks British freighter SS Zafra, 3,578 tons, Bound from Cardiff to Malta with a load of coal. His score is now 25 ships and 89,923 tons.



South Africa:
British cruiser HMS Challenger departs Durban for Zanzibar.



United States:
American schooner SV Emma F. Angell, 819 tons, travelling from Providence to Norfolk, sinks off Winter Quarter Shoal, Virginia.