100 Years Ago Today

[Sailor Steve]

April 27, 1917

Air War:
0855 Canadian RFC ace Billy Bishop, in Nieuport 23 B1566, shoots down a German observation balloon for victory number 12.

2015 German ace Lothar von Richthofen, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down FE.2b 4850 for victory number 12. 2nd Lt John Arthur Cairns and AM1 E.G. Perry are both taken prisoner.

2020 German ace Kurt Wolff, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down FE.2b 7698 for victory number 22. 2nd Lt Percy Robinson is wounded, but manages to crash on his own side of the lines. AM2 H.W. Tilley details unknown, including his further career in the RFC.

2025 German ace Karl Allmenröder, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down BE.2c 2713* for victory number 9.
*according to The Aerodrome. Jasta War Chronology gives no serial number and no details.

German pilot Heinrich Bongartz, flying an Albatros D.III, shoots down two observation balloons for victories 3 and 4.

Two Bristol F.2as share a victory over a German two-seater:
Roger Hay, England, number 2; Lt V.G. Nutkins unknown.
William Price, England, number 5; Maurice Benjamin, South Africa, 5.

Russian pilot Donat Makeenok, in a Nieuport 21, claims an "Enemy Aircraft", but it is Unconfirmed.



North Atlantic Ocean, north of Ireland:
Kurt Wippern, commanding U-58, sinks two ships northwest of Tory Island:
British freighter SS Dromore, 4,398 tons, bound from Liverpool for Baltimore with a general cargo; torpedoed.
Norwegian freighter SS Langfond, 1,097 tons, en route from Liverpool to Reykjavik with a load of coal, mail and general cargo.
Wippern's score is now 9 ships and 12,970 tons.

Ernst Hashagen, in U-62, sinks two British freighters:
SS Dunmore Head, 2,293 tons, carrying a load of coal and shells from Manchester to Genoa.
SS Inveramsay, 1,438 tons, travelling from Gulfport to Fleetwood with a load of pitch pine.
Hashagen's score is now 21 ships and 23,469 tons.



Far west of Ireland:
Otto Wünsche, in U-70, torpedoes British freighter SS Manchester Citizen, 4,251 tons, headed from St. John, New Brunswick to Manchester with a general cargo. His score is now 61 ships and 98,803 tons.

Raimund Weisbach, in U-81, sinks Italian freighter SS Uranus, 3,978 tons, en route from Genoa to Clyde with an unlisted cargo. His score is now 34 ships and 86,509 tons.



Ireland:
Herbert Pustkuchen, in UC-66, torpedoes British freighter SS Quantock, 4,470 tons, travelling from St. John's to an unknown destination with a load of timber, off Mizen Head. The damaged ship manages to make safe port.



Celtic Sea:
Max Viebeg, in UB-32, sinks two British freighters just off the west end of the Channel:
SS Alfalfa, 2,993 tons, taking a load of coal from Newport, Wales to the Mediterranean Sea.
SS Beemah, 4,750 tons, hauling a load of coal from Cartiff to Italy.
Viebeg's score is now 16 ships and 27,924 tons.

Otto Steinbrinck, in UC-65, scuttles British barque Burrowa, 2,902 tons, travelling in ballast from Bordeaux to Newport, Wales. His score is now 158 ships and 148,740 tons.



English Channel:
Wilhelm Amberger, in UB-38, scuttles British schooner Jessie, 108 tons, travelling from Cardiff to Carentan with a load of coal. His score is now 15 vessels and 14,415 tons.

Gustav Buch, in UC-36, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Verjø, 1,002 tons, en route from Newport, Wales to Nantes with a load of pig iron. His score is now 15 ships and 19,218 tons.

Kurt Ramien, in UC-48, attempts to stop and scuttle British schooner Amelia & Jane, 62 tons, travelling in ballast from Granville to Southampton, but the small vessel survives the attack.

Ernst Voigt, in UC-72, uses his deck gun to sink British ketch Good Hope, 89 tons, travelling in ballast from Isigny to Cardiff. His score is now 43 vessels and 13,341 tons.



North Sea:
His Majesty's Trawler Agile, 246 tons, hits a mine laid off the Sunk lightship by Benno von Ditfurth in UC-11. His score is now 10 vessels and 13,991 tons.

Two Norwegian freighters hit mines laid by Ernst Rosenow in UC-29 off the mouth of the Tyne:
SS Nidelven, 1,262 tons, carrying a load of coal plus passengers from Tyne to Svolvær.
SS Ragnhild, 1,117 tons, en route from Tyne to Skien with a general cargo.
Rosenow's score is now 13 ships and 12,995 tons.



Portugal:
Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, in U-35, stops Spanish freighter SS Treiana, 748 tons, underway from Gijon to Cadiz with a load of cement and bricks. After examining the ship's papers, von Arnauld lets her go. A shot meant to be a warning accidentally hits the ship, killing one crewmwmber and wounding another.



Ligurian Sea:
Gustav Seiß, in U-33, sinks two ships north of Corsica:
Italian brigantine Mafalda, 162 tons; scuttled.
American schooner Margaret B. Rouss, 701 tons, en route from St. Andrew's Bay, Florida to Genoa.
Seiß' score is now 24 ships and 132,324 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Karl Neumann, in UC-67, sinks two British freighters off Algiers:
SS Glencluny, 4,812 tons, bound from Bombay for Hull with a general cargo.
SS Karuma, 2,995 tons, carrying Admiralty stores from Malta to Britain.
Neumann's score is now 26 ships and 31,887 tons.

[Jimbuna]

28th April 1917

Western Front

British thrust east of Vimy and capture Arleux: progress north-east of Gavrelle.

French advance towards Suippe valley (Champagne).

Naval and Overseas Operations

U.S. S.S. "Vacuum" torpedoed; one officer and nine men of U.S. Navy lost.

Political, etc.

U.S.A. Congress passes Army Bill and decides for Conscription.

German prisoners doing forced labor in Kiev go on strike, demanding 8-hour work day and better working conditions.

Italian aviators drop thousands of translated copies of President Wilson’s war speech over Austro-Hungarian territory.

Russian workers who were sent to the front as punishment for participating in the revolution are recalled by the Provisional Government.

Ship Losses:

Alu Mendi (Spain) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 12 nautical miles (22 km) south south east of the Tuskar Rock, Ireland by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Anne Marie (Norway) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 160 nautical miles (300 km) north west of Ireland by SM U-70 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Bullmouth (United Kingdom) The tanker was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 125 nautical miles (232 km) north west by west of Tory Island, County Donegal (58°34′N 10°50′W) by SM U-58 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Carmelo Padre (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Strait of Messina by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Condor (Russia) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 90 nautical miles (170 km) west of Ouessant, Finistère, France by SM UC-36 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Diana (Denmark) The barquentine was damaged in the Atlantic Ocean 200 nautical miles (370 km) south west of the Fastnet Rock (49°40′N 13°10′W) by SM U-93 ( Kaiserliche Marine). She was subsequently towed in to Queenstown, County Cork, United Kingdom where she was declared a total loss. Diana was later repaired and returned to service.
Giuseppe Padre I (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Strait of Messina by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Giuseppina G. (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Strait of Messina by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
I Due Fratelli P. (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Strait of Messina by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Jose de Larrinaga (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 150 nautical miles (280 km) west north west of the Fastnet Rock (51°32′N 13°20′W) by SM U-81 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of twelve crew.
Juliette (France) The sailing vessel struck a mine laid by UC 25 (Johannes Feldkirchner) and sank in the Mediterranean Sea off Mostaganem, Algeria.
Karonga (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Strait of Messina 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) south south east of Cape Schio, Italy by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of eighteen crew. Her captain was taken as a prisoner of war.
Lisetta (Italy) The fishing vessel was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 8 nautical miles (15 km) west of the Îles Sanguinaires, France by SM U-33 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Medina (United Kingdom) The passenger ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel off Start Point, Devon (50°15′N 3°30′W) by SM UB-31 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Natale B. (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Strait of Messina by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Niobe (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Malta by SM UC-37 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Olga (Russia) The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Barents Sea 89 nautical miles (165 km) off the North Cape, Finnmark, Norway by SM U-45 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Pontiac (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 70 nautical miles (130 km) north east of Marsa Susa, Libya (34°04′N 22°06′E) by SM UC-74 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of a crew member. Four of the survivors were taken as prisoners of war.
Port Jackson (United Kingdom) The four-masted barque was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 180 nautical miles (330 km) west by north of the Fastnet Rock (51°00′N 14°02′W) by SM U-67 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of fourteen crew.
Pursue (United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the English Channel 12 nautical miles (22 km) south west of Bolt Head, Devon by SM UB-32 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
San Francesco Di Paola (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Strait of Messina by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Teakwood (United Kingdom) The tanker was torpedoed and sunk in the Aegean Sea 26 nautical miles (48 km) south west by west of Sapientza, Greece (36°39′N 21°10′E) by SM U-14 ( Austro-Hungarian Navy). Her crew survived.
Terence (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 150 nautical miles (280 km) west by north of the Fastnet Rock (52°40′N 12°55′W) by SM U-81 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of a crew member.
Vacuum (United States) The tanker was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 120 nautical miles (220 km) west of Barra, Outer Hebrides, United Kingdom (57°20′N 10°10′W) by SM U-44 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 9 crew. (another source claims 10).

[Sailor Steve]

April 28, 1917

Air War:
0930 German ace Manfred von Richthofen, flying Albatros D.III 2253/17, shoots down BE.2e 7221 for victory number 48. Lt Reginald William Follitt and 2nd Lt Frederick James Kirkhan are both wounded and taken prisoner. Follitt dies later.

1000 English RNAS pilot Herbert Ellis, in Nieuport 17 B1519, shoots down an Aviatik two-seater for victory number 4.

1120 German ace Kurt Wolff, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down BE.2e A2745 for victory number 23. 2nd Lt John Victor Wisher is wounded; he and 2nd Lt Arthur Adolf Baerlein are both taken prisoner.

1225 Australian RNAS ace Bob Little, in Sopwith Triplane N5493, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 9.

1315 German ace Edmund Nathanael, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith 1½ Strutter A993 for victory number 12.
(as per The Aerodrome website. No details are given beside the serial number. Jasta War Chronology says this was a Pup, but gives no details at all.)

1650 English RFC ace Albert Ball, flying SE.5 A4850, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 36.

1745 Kurt Wolff scores his second kill of the day, shooting down BE2f 2557 for number 24. 2nd Lts Norman Carter buckton and Garth Richard O'Sullivan crash on their own side of the lines, both unharmed.

1830 German pilot Hermann Göring, in Albatros D.III 2049/16, shoots down a Sopwith 1½ Strutter for victory number 5. Göring claimed the plane fell inside German lines, but no wreckage was found.

2000 Canadian RNAS pilot Raymond Collishaw, in Sopwith Triplane N5490, shoots down an Albatros D.II for victory number 5.




North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of Scotland:
Kurt Wipper, commanding U-58, sinks British tanker SS Bullmouth, 4,018 tons, 125 miles northwest of Tory Island; travelling in ballast from Glasgow to Hampton Roads. His score is now 10 ships and 16,998 tons.



Hebrides, west of Scotland:
Paul Wagenfür, in U-44, sinks American freighter SS Vacuum, 2,551 tons, en route from Liverpool to New York with an unspecified cargo. His score is now 20 ships and 67,213 tons.



West of Ireland:
Hans Nieland, in U-67, torpedoes British barque Port Jackson, 2,309 tons, travelling from Buenos Aires to Cork with a load of maize. His score is now 21 ships and 36,170 tons.

Otto Wünsche, in U-70, sinks Norwegian sailing vessel Anne Marie, 441 tons, bound from Fray Bentos for Sillot with a load of hides and guano. His score is now 63 ships and 99,244 tons.

Raimund Weisbach, in U-81, sinks two British freighters:
SS Jose de Larrinaga, 5,017 tons, en route from Galveston to Manchester with a general cargo; torpedoed.
SS Terence, 4,309 tons, headed from Buenos Aires to Liverpool with meat, wheat and general cargo.
Wiesbach's total is now 36 ships and 95,835 tons.



Far southwest of Ireland:
Freiherr Edgar von Spiegel von und zu Peckelsheim, in U-93, attacks Danish schooner Diana, 207 tons, hauling a load of timber from New Brunswick to Newport, Wales. The ship is towed to Queenstown and written off as a total loss. The wreck is then sold and the new owner has her repaired and returned to service.



Ireland:
Otto Steinbrinck, in UC-65, sinks Spanish freighter SS Alu Mendi, 2,104 tons, travelling from Sagunto to Glasgow with a load of iron ore. His score is now 159 ships and 150,844 tons.



Celtic Sea:
Gustav Buch, in UC-36, sinks Russian freighter SS Condor, 3,565 tons, carrying coal and ammunition from Cardiff to Gibraltar; west of Ushant. His score is now 16 ships and 22,783 tons.



English Channel:
Thomas Bieber, in UB-31, sinks British passenger liner SS Medina, 12,350 tons, travelling from Sydney and India to Plymouth and London; off Start Point. His score is now 2 ships and 14,216 tons.

Max Viebeg, in UB-32, sinks British fishing smack Pursue, 27 tons, raising his tally to 17 vessels and 27,961 tons.



Skagerrak:
Erich Haecker, in UC-79, takes two prizes that are kept by the Prize Court:
Danish freighter SS Laura, 787 tons, out of Göteborg for Hull with an unspecified cargo.
Danish freighter SS Storebelt, 599 tons, released by the Prize Court.
Haecker's score is now 8 ships and 5,044 tons.



Barents Sea:
Erich Sittenfeld, in U-45, scuttles Russian freighter SS Olga, 1,672 tons, carrying a load of coal from Newcastle to Kola; off North Cape, Norway. His total is now 17 ships and 25,196 tons.



Alboran Sea:
French fishing vessel Juliette, 50 tons, hits a mine laid off Oran by Johannes Feldkirchner in UC-25, bringing his score to 6 vessels and 2,519 tons.



Strait of Messina:
Otto Schultze, in U-63, sinks British freighter SS Karonga, 4,665 tons, en route from Newport to Bombay with a general cargo.
He also attacks an Italian fishing fleet, sinking six small sailing vessels:
CArmelo Padre, 74 tons.
Giusseppe Padre I, 102 tons.
Giuseppina G, 100 tons.
I Due Fratelli P, 100 tons.
Natale B, 55 tons,
San Francesco di Paola, 41 tons.
Schutlze's score is now 31 vessels and 71,068 tons.



Ionian Sea:
Georg von Trapp, in Austrian U-14, sinks British tanker SS Teakwood, 5,315 tons, en route from Port Arthur to Port Said. His score is now 4 ships and 18,990 tons.




Mediterranean Sea:
Gustav Seiß, in U-33, sinks Italian fishing vessel Lisetta, 40 tons, west of Corsica. His score is now 25 vessels and 132,364 tons.

Otto Launburg, in UC-37, sinks Italian sailing vessel Niobe, 66 tons, raising his score to 21 vessels and 48,491 tons.

Wilhelm Marschall, in UC-74, sinks British freighter SS Pontiac, 3,345 tons, bound from Karachi to Port Said with an unspecified cargo. His score is now 4 ships and 16,230 tons.

[Jimbuna]

29th April 1917

Western Front

British occupy German trenches south of Oppy (east of Vimy Ridge).

General Petain appointed Chief of French General Staff.

Political, etc.

British and French Missions visit Washington's tomb.

1000 wounded Russian soldiers march in Petrograd to support the continuation of the war against Germany.

The Selective Service Act, which authorizes US government to use conscription, passes the House 398-24 and the Senate 81-8.

Ship Losses:

Askepot (Norway) The full-rigged ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 125 nautical miles (232 km) west of the Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom (49°48′N 9°17′W) by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Bayonnais (France) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the Bay of Biscay off Guilvinec, Finistère by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of all four crew.
Carbo I (Denmark) The cargo ship was sunk in the North Sea (55°56′N 2°06′E) by SM UC-29 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Comedian (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 200 nautical miles (370 km) west of the Bishop Rock, Isles of Scilly (48°06′N 10°45′W) by SM U-93 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Daleby (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 180 nautical miles (330 km) north west of the Fastnet Rock by SM U-70 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 25 crew.
Dilston Castle (United Kingdom) The trawler was scuttled in the North Sea 16 nautical miles (30 km) east by south of Aberdeen (57°10′N 1°32′W) by SM UB-22 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ellen Harrison (United Kingdom) The schooner was shelled and sunk in the English Channel 7 nautical miles (13 km) north west of Cherbourg, Seine-Maritime, France by SM UB-32 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Eugènie et Lucie (France) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Bay of Biscay off Audierne, Finistère by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Frère des Cinq Soeurs (France) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Bay of Biscay off Audierne by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine) Her crew survived.
Giuseppe Maria (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Strait of Sicily by SM UC-37 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Hurlford (United Kingdom) The collier was wrecked in Gunna Sound, Scotland.
Ikbal (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 200 nautical miles (370 km) west by south of the Bishop Rock (48°34′N 12°35′W) by SM U-93 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived, but three of them were taken as prisoners of war.
Mermaid (United Kingdom) The schooner was scuttled in the English Channel 18 nautical miles (33 km) south south west of Anvil Point, Devon by SM UB-32 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Petit Ernest (France) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the Bay of Biscay off Guilvinec by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of all three crew.
Victoria (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) north east by north of Scarborough, Yorkshire by SM UB-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of a crew member.

[Sailor Steve]

April 29, 1917

Air War:
1000 South African RFC pilot Henry Meintjes, flying SE.5 A4848, shoots down an Albatros DIII for victory number 5.

1030 German pilot Friedrich-Karl Burckhardt, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Farman for victory number 2.

1055 German pilot Friedrich Gille, in an Albatros D.II, shoots down an FE.2d for victory number 1.

1100 Irish RFC ace Francis Casey, in Sopwith Pup N6182, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 8.

1110 Malayan RNAS pilot Thomas Gerard, in Sopwith Triplane N5440, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 5.

1110 Australian RNAS pilot Richard Pearman Minifie, flying Sopwith Triplane N5446, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1115 Canadian RNAS ace Lloyd Breadner, in Sopwith Pup N6181, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 6.

1115 Canadian RNAS pilot Alfred Carter, in Sopwith Pup N6179, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 4.

1115 German ace Lothar von Richthofen, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down SPAD VII A7653 for victory number 13. 2nd Lt William Norman Hamilton is taken prisoner.

1130 German ace Kurt Schneider, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith Pup A6160 for victory number 12. Details unknown.

1150 English RNAS pilots Cyril Burfield Ridley, flying Sopwith Triplane N5437, and Herbert Victor Rowley, in Triplane N5425, share a victory over an Albatros D.III. Number 1 for both.

1155 Canadian RFC ace Billy Bishop, in Nieuport 23 B1566, shootd down a Halberstadt D.II for victory number 13.

1205 German ace Manfred von Richthofen, In Albatros D.III 2253/17, shoots down SOAD VII B1573 for victory number 49. Lt Richard Applin is listed as Missing.

With several of my gentlemen I attacked an English SPAD group consisting of three machines. The plane I had singled out broke to pieces while curving and plunged burning into the swamp near Lecluse.
-Manfred von Richthofen

1210 German ace Kurt Wolff, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down SPAD VIIA6681 for victory number 25. Maj Hubert Dunsterville Harvey Kelly is killed. Harvey-Kelly was the first British airman to land in France when the war began, and arguably had the first aerial victory when his unarmed BE.2c along with teo others force a German Taube to land by playing "chicken" with it back in August 1914.

1315 Welsh RNAS ace Erntst Norton, in Nieuport 17 N3208, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 7.

1343 French ace René Dorme, flying SPAD VII S392, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 21.

1415 Bavaria-born German pilot Heinrich Georg Geigle, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Caudron for victory number 1.

1530 English RFC ace Edwin Cole, in Nieuport 17 B1508, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 6.

1655 Manfred von Richthofen scores his second victory of the day, shooting down FE.2d 4898 for victory number 50. Sgt George Stead and Cpl Alfred Beebee are both killed.

I attacked, together with five of my gentlemen, an enemy grop of five Vickers. After a long curved fight, during which my adversary defended himself admirably, I managed to put myself behind the enemy. After 300 shots the enemy plane caught fire. The plane burned to ashes and the occupants fell out.
-Manfred von Richthofen

1700 English RFC pilot Reginald Edward Conder, in FE.2d A6539 with 2nd Lt H.G. Neville as observer, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1700 Kurt Wolff gains his second victory of the day, shooting down FE.2b 5483 for number 26. 2nd Lt George Hastings Stone Dinsmore is unhurt and crashes on his own side of the lines. 2nd George Beaumont Bate is killed.

Our formation was violently attacked by numerous fast enemy scouts. Three of them insisted on thrusting their affections upon me and, though my observer accounted for two, the third brought me down with my observer killed. By the best stroke of luck I managed to reach a very advanced post in the front line, followed thereto by Mr Hun, showing all sorts of hate by showering me with machine-gun bullets. My own escape was marvellous, as my boot and coat were both torn by machine-gun bullets, though I was unhurt.
-George Dinsmore

1705 English RFC [o;pt Frederocl Tjaure amd Indian observer Francis Cubbon, in FE.2d A6430, shoot down two Albatros D.IIIs. Victories 2 and 3 for Thayre, 3 and 4 for Cubbon.

1725 English observer Thomas Archibald Mitford Stuart Lewis, riding in FE.2d A6412 with 2nd Lt E.J. Smart as pilot, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1740 Indian RFC pilot Edward Atkinson, in Nieuport 17 A6678, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 3.

1815 Ernest Norton shoots down two Albatros D.IIIs for victories 8 and 9.

1900 New Zealand RNAS pilot Forster Herbert Martin Maynard, in Sopwith Triplane N5427, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1915 Two Australian RNAS Triplane pilots team up to bring down an Albatros D.III:
Bob Little, N5493, number 10
Richard Minifie, N5446, number 2.

1925 Lothar von Richthofen scores his second victory of the day, shooting down BE.2e 7092 for number 14. 2nd Lts Cyril John Pile and John Howard Westlake are both killed.

1925 Manfred von Richthofen scores his third kill of the day, shooting down BE.2e BE.2e 2738 for number 51. Lts David Evan Davies and George Henry Rathbone are both killed.

1940 Manfred von Richthofen gains his fourth kill of the day, shhoting down Sopwith Triplane N5463. Flight Sub-Lt Albert Edward Cuzner is killed. There was much controversy over this victory, not because it is doubtful but because there were three British flights in the air at the same time. Four Triplanes from No 1 Squadron, six Tripes from No 8 Squadron and a group of Nieuports as well. the fight included Bob Little and Richard Minifie, both of whom escaped with damaged airplanes and von Richthofen's victim was long thought to be Cpt Frederich Barnwell in a Nieuport, but best evidence indicates he was brought down by Edmund Nathanael.

Soon after having shot down a BE near Rouex, we were attacked by a stron enemy one-seater force of Nieuports, SPADs and Triplanes.The plane I had singled out caught fire after a short time, burned in the air and fell north of Henin Lietard.
-Manfred von Richthofen

Having achieved 50 victories von Richthofen takes an extended leave. His next kill won't come until June 18.

1945 German ace Hermann Göring, flying Albatros D.III 2049/16, shoots down Nieuport 17 N3192 for victory number 6. S/Lt Albert Harry Victor Fletcher is wounded and taken prisoner.

2100 German ace Edmund Nathanael, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down Nieuport 17 A6745 for victory number 13. Cpt Frederick Leycester Barnwell is killed.



North Atlantic Ocean, west of Ireland:
Otto Wünsche, commanding U-70, sinks Britiah freighter SS Daleby, 3,629 tons, bound from Huelva for Garston with a load of copper and silver ore. His score is now 64 ships and 102,872 tons.



Celtic Sea:
Otto Hersing, in U-21, sinks Norwegian sailing ship Askepot, 1,793 tons,Travelling in ballast from Cork to Philadelphia. His score is now 36 ships and 109,471 tons.

Edgar von Spiegel von und zu Peckelsheim, in U-93, sinks two British freighters far west-southwes of Bishop Rock:
SS Comedian, 4,889 tons, carrying government stores from St John, New Brunswick to an unknown destination.
SS Ikbal, 5,434 tons, travelling from St John, New Brunswick to Falmouth with a load of ammunition.
Von Spiegel's score is now 11 ships and 27,797 tons.



English Channel:
Max Viebeg, in UB-32, scuttles two British schooners northwest of Cherbourg:
Ellen Harrison, 103 tons, en route from Cardiff to Isigny, France with a load of coal.
Mermaid, 76 tons, travelling in Ballast from Saint Malo to Plymouth.
Viebeg's score is now 19 vessels and 28,140 tons.



North Sea:
Franz Walther, in UB-21, sinks British freighter SS Victoria, 1,620 tons, carrying a load of coal from Jarrow to Bayonne. His score is now 6 ships and 5,778 tons.



Brittany:
Ernst Voigt, in UC-72, scuttles a small fishing fleet off Audierne Bay:
Bayonnais, 20 tons. The crew of four are not recovered. The oldest member, Master Jean Struillou is only twenty.
Eugenie et Lucie, 34 tons.
Frere des Cinq Soeurs, 20 tons.
Petit Ernest, 20 tons.
Voigt's score is now 47 vessels and 13,435 tons.

Karl Wacker, in UB-22, scuttles British trawler Dilston Castle, 129 tons, off Aberdeen. This is his first sinking.

Ernst Rosenow, in UC-29, scuttles Danish freighter SS Carbo I, 1,379 tons, carrying a load of nitrate from Skien to Tyne. His score is now 14 ships and 14,374 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Otto Launburg, in UC-37, sinks Italian sailing vessel Giuseppe Maria, 99 tons, in the Strait of Sicily. His score is now 22 vessels and 48,590 tons.



Zanzibar:
After eleven days at sea, HMFM Trent and HMS Severn arrive at Zanzibar Harbour.

[Jimbuna]

30th April 1917

Western Front

Near Arras, British troops capture a mile of trenches and take 976 German prisoners. Canadian forces beat back German counterattacks.

Six U.S. Red Cross base hospitals are ordered to go to Europe to treat wounded Allied soldiers.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

General Maude defeats 13th Turkish Corps at Gorge of Shatt-el-Adhaim and Kifri.

Aviation

Damage at Zierikzee (Holland) by unknown aeroplane.

Naval

HMS Tulip, a British Q-ship, is sunk by the German submarine SM U-62, resulting in the deaths of 102 crew.

Political, etc.

General Petain is appointed chief of staff at the French Ministry of War.

Spanish and Dutch individuals take over relief efforts in German-occupied Belgium and France from U.S. representatives.

Jockey Club stops racing after 4 May.

Ship Losses:

HMT Arfon (Royal Navy) The naval trawler struck a mine laid by UC 61 (Georg Gerth) and sank in the English Channel off St Alban's Head, Dorset (50°30′N 2°10′W) with the loss of ten of her crew.
Argo (United Kingdom) The trawler was shelled and sunk in the North Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km) east of Buchan Ness, Aberdeenshire by SM UB-22 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ascaro (Italy) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ireland (49°10′N 11°40′W) by SM U-93 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Borrowdale (Russia) The barque was stopped and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south of Ireland (49°00′N 10°20′W) by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Chrisomalli Th. Sifneo (Greece) The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea east of Algiers, Algeria (36°55′N 4°02′E) by SM U-33 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Colbert (France) The troopship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea (37°05′N 8°22′E) by SM UC-37 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 51 lives.
Delamere (United Kingdom) The 1,525-ton United Africa Company cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 110 nautical miles (200 km) west by north of the Fastnet Rock (51°40′N 13°00′W) by SM U-70 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of ten crew.
Eden (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel off Worthing, West Sussex, United Kingdom (50°48′N 0°22′W) by SM UC-70 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Fortunata (Italy) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 130 nautical miles (240 km) west of the Fastnet Rock by SM U-62 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Gorizia (Uruguay) The cargo ship struck a mine laid by UC 61 (Georg Gerth) and sank in the English Channel 17 nautical miles (31 km) west by north of Portland Bill, Dorset (50°36′N 2°55′W).
Horsa (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 195 nautical miles (361 km) south west by west of the Fastnet Rock (48°43′N 12°35′W) by SM U-93 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of eleven of her crew. One of the survivors was taken as a prisoner of war.
Jarstein (Norway) The sailing vessel was sunk in the North Sea 80 nautical miles (150 km) south west by west of the Egerä Lighthouse (57°35′N 4°15′E) by SM U-61 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Little Mystery (United Kingdom) The schooner was scuttled in the English Channel off Portland Bill by SM UC-61 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Parthenon (Greece) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 200 nautical miles (370 km) south west of the Fastnet Rock (49°25′N 11°58′W) by SM U-93 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Portbail (France) The coaster was sunk in the English Channel north east of Cap Barfleur, Manche (50°05′N 0°55′W) by SM UB-32 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
HMS Tulip (Royal Navy) The Aubretia-class sloop, operating as a Q-ship, was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ireland by SM U-62 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 102 crew. Her captain survived and was taken as a prisoner of war.

[Sailor Steve]

April 30, 1917

Air War:
Idflieg's bi-monthly report on German fighters operating at the front at the end of April 1917:

Albatros:
D.I----20
D.II--107
D.III-327

Fokker:
D.I-----5
D.II---33
E.III----1

Halberstadt:
D.I----16
D.II----2
D.III---9
D.V----11

LFG Roland:
D.I-----2
D.II---97

LVG:
D.I----47 (License-built Albatros D.II)



0645 English RNAS pilot Robert Compston, flying Sopwith Triplane N5471, shoots down an Aviatik two-seater for victory number 3.

0700 English RNAS pilot Charles Booker, in Sopwith Triplane N5482,, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 5.

0700 Robert Compston scores his second kill of the day, another Aviatik two-seater for number 4.

0710 Australian RNAS ace Bob Little, in Sopwith Triplane N5493, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 11.

0715 German ace Lothar von Richthofen, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down BE.2g A2942 for victory number 15. 2nd Lts Norman Alan Lawrence and George Ronald Yorston Stout are both killed.

0725 Bob Little gets his second kill of the day, shooting down another Albatros D.III for number 12.

0745 German pilot Friedrich Paul Kempf, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down BE.2c A2949 for victory number 1. 2nd Lt D. McTavish is wounded and taken prisoner, Cpt A.S. Allen is killed.

0755 Lothar von Richthofen scores his second victory of the day, shooting down FE.2d A6402 for number 16. Lt Percy Thomas Bowers and 2nd Lt Samuel Torton Wills are both taken prisoner.

0755 German pilot Adolf von Tutshek, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down FE.2d A6352 for victory number 4. Lt Edward Dudley Jennings and John Robinson Lingard are both taken prisoner.

0835 Australian RNAS ace Roderic Dallas, flying Sopwith Triplane N5436, shoots down a Rumpler two-seater for victory number 14.

0845 English RFC ace John Andrews, in Sopwith Pup A6177, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 8.

0855 South African RFC pilot Quintin Brand, in Nieuport 17 A6668, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 5.

0940 French ace Lucien Jailler, in a Nieuport, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 8.

0945 English RFC observer Forde Leathley, riding in FE.2d A1966 with Lt C.S. Morice as pilot, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1005 German ace Max von Müller, flying an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith 1½ Strutter A1080 for victory number 7. 2nd Lt William Wright crashes unharmed on his own side of the lines. AM1 George Burnsby Perrot is killed.

1005 German ace Edmund Nathanael, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down SE.5 4866 for victory number 14. Lt M.A. Kay is killed.

1100 German pilot Otto von Breiten-Landenberg, in an Albatros D.II, shoots down a Nieuport for victory number 1. No details.

1115 Canadian RFC ace Billy Bishop, in Nieuport 23 B1566, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 14.

1145 English RFC ace Edwin Cole, in Nieuport 17 A6690, shoots down a Halberstadt D.II for victory number 7.
Note: according to UK Serials website, A6690 is a SPAD VII, but it is a lone number between two blocks of Nieuport 17s, so either one may be correct.

1200 German ace Hans Klein, flying an Albatros D.III, shoots down BE.2e 2916 for victory number 8. 2nd Lts P.P.C. Freemantle and P. Sherman are both killed.

1245 Canadian RNAS pilot Langly Frank Willard Smith, in Sopwith Pup N6168, shoots down an Albatros D.II for victory number 1.

1440 German pilot Rudolf Matthaei, in an Albatros D.II, shoots down an observation balloon for victory number 2.

1640 Irish RFC pilot Conn Standish O’Grady, in SPAD VII A262, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1640 Scottish RFC ace William Patrick, in SPAD VII B1527, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 7.

1730 Canadia RNAS ace Raymond Collishaw, flying Sopwith Triplane N5490, shoots down an Albatros D.II for victory number 6.

1735 German ace Kurt Wolff, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down BE.2e 2910 for victory number 27. 2nd Lt William Kennedy Trollope is wounded and taken prisoner, will die on May 3. 2nd Lt Augustine Bonner is killed.

1810 German pilot Paul Billik, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith Pup N6175 for victory number 1. Irish 10-kill RNAS ace John Joseph Malone is killed.

1930 German ace Bruno Loerzer, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Sopwith Pup for victory number 5.

German pilot Erich Hahn, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down two French balloons for victories 5 and 6.

English RFC pilot Thomas Percy Middleton, flying a Bristol F.2a with C.G. Claye as observer, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

German naval pilot Theodor Osterkamp, flying an Albtros D.III for Marine FeldJasta 2, shoots down a Belgian Nieuport for victory number 1. Adj Siraut crashes but is unharmed.

German pilot Arthur Rahn, in an Albatros D.II, shoots down two French balloons for victories 1 and 2.



North Atlantic Ocean, west of Ireland:
Otto Wünsche, commanding U-70, sinks British freighter SS Delamere, 1,525 tons, bound from Maladi to Liverpool with a general cargo. His score is now 65 ships and 104,397 tons.

Raimund Weisbach, in U-81, comes across the derelict British schooner SS Elisabeth, attacked by Hans Rose in U-53 on April 25. The crew had abandoned ship but the vessel refused to sink and was left to drift. Weisbach attacks the ship but again it fails to sink, possibly because a wooden ship carrying a cargo of wood. Elisabeth is left to drift once again and finally washes ashore. Condemned as a total loss but later repained and put back into service.



Southwest of Ireland:
Ernst Hashagen, in U-62, sinks two ships west of Fastnet Rock:
Italian freighter SS Fortunata, 3,348 tons, destination and cargo unlisted.
British sloop HMS Tulip, 1,250 tons. Commander Norman McCrea Lewis is taken prisoner.
Hashagen's score is now 23 ships and 28,067 tons.

Edgar von Spiegel von und zu Peckelsheim, in U-93, sinks three ships:
Italian freighter SS Ascaro, 3,245 tons, carrying a load of iron ore from Almeria to Ardrossan.
British freighter SS Horsa, 2,949 tons, en route from Port Briera to Cardiff, also with iron ore.
Greek freighter SS Parthenon, 2,934 tons, travelling from New York to Le Havre with a general cargo.

Von Spiegel then attacks the sailing vessel Prize. U-93 surfaces and waits for the crew to abandon ship before sinking her with his deck gun. After the "abandon ship party" is clear, Prize exposes her 12-pounder deck guns and opens fire. Both Q-ship and U-boat are damaged when von Spiegel attempts to ram the sailing ship. Before contact is made U-93 loses control and plunges to the depths. Von Spiegel and two others are left in the water, and rescued by the Q-ship. Unknown to all, U-93 recovers from her dive and is taken home by her 1WO, Welhelm Ziegner.

Von Spiegel will spend the rest of the war as a prisoner of the British, his final score being 14 ships and 36,925 tons. He will muster out of naval service in 1919 and live until 1965.



Celtic Sea:
Otto Hersing, in U-21, scuttles Russian freighter SS Borrowdale, 1,268 tons, en route from Newport, Wales to Port Nolloth with a general cargo. His score is now 37 ships and 110,730 tons.



English Channel:
Max Viebeg, in UB-32, sinks French coaster SS Portbail, 378 tons, bound from Swansea for Le Havre with an unnamed cargo. His score is now 20 ships and 28,518 tons.

His Majesty's Trawler Arfon, 227 tons, hits a mine laid by Georg Gerth in UC-61 off St. Albann Head.
Meanwhile, Gerth himself sinks two more ships:
Greek freighter SS Gorizia, 1,957 tons, travelling form New York to Le Havre with a general cargo.
British schooner Little Mystery, 114 tons, carrying a load of coal from Cardiff to Cherbourg.
Gerth's score is now 7 ships and 5,887 tons.

Werner Fürbringer, in UC-70, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Eden, 1,304 tons, carrying a load of coal from Tyne to Rouen. His score is now 76 ships and 60,219 tons.



North Sea:
Victor Dieckmann, in U-61, sinks Norwegian sailing vessel Jarstein, 198 tons, travelling in ballast from Anstruther to Lillesand. His score is now 23 vessels and 39,348 tons.

Karl Wacker, in UB-22, scuttles British trawler Argo, 131 tons, off Buchanness lighthouse, near Peterhead, Scotland. His score is now 2 vessels and 260 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Gustav Seiß, in U-33, sinks Greek freighter SS Chrisomalli Th. Sifneo, 2,415 tons, carrying a load of iron ore from Genoa to Tees; off Algiers. His score is now 26 ships and 134,779 tons.

Otto Launburg, in UC-37, torpedoes French troopship Colbert, carrying troops from Marseille to Salonica, with 51 casualties. The ship had survived an attack a year earlier by Walter Forstmann in U-39.
Launburg's total is now 23 ships and 53,939 tons.

[Jimbuna]

1st May 1917

Western Front

Successful air-day.

South of Moronvilliers two heavy enemy counter-attacks fail.

Number of prisoners published.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Mush (Lake Van) occupied by the Turks.

North-west frontier (India): Mahsud tribesmen attack British convoy; beaten off, British losses 60 killed, 55 wounded.

Naval and Overseas Operations

British S.S. Gena sunk off Suffolk by German seaplane.

German submarine U-81, which sunk 30 ships during in the war, is sunk by the HMS E54, resulting in 31 crew deaths.

Political, etc.

British Admiral Beresford states shipping losses by U-boats are “appalling” and criticizes the government for hiding its full scale.

Marshal Joffre and M. Viviani enthusiastically received by U.S. Senate.

Polish Council of State presents demands to Central Powers.

Russian Provisional Government promises the Allies they will continue to fight in the war until the end.

Ship Losses:

Acacia (France) The fishing vessel was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 7 nautical miles (13 km) off the Chassiron Lighthouse, Charente-Maritime by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Alide (Russia) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off Land's End, Cornwall, United Kingdom by SM UC-75 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Antigone (France) The fishing vessel was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 8 nautical miles (15 km) off the Chassiron Lighthouse by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Bagdale (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 13 nautical miles (24 km) north east of Creac'h Point, Ouessant, Finistère, France (48°41′N 5°08′W) by SM UC-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 23 of her crew.
Barreiro (Portugal) The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) off Suances, Cantabria, Spain by SM UC-69 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
British Sun (United Kingdom) The tanker was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 230 nautical miles (430 km) east south east of Malta by SM UB-43 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
C. A. Jacques (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 26 nautical miles (48 km) west south west of Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, France (50°27′N 1°04′E) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of three of her crew.
Camille Amelin (France) The fishing vessel was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 6 nautical miles (11 km) off the Baleines Lighthouse, Charente-Maritime by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Dora (United Kingdom) The coaster was scuttled in the Irish Sea 11 nautical miles (20 km) west of the Mull of Galloway by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Gena (United Kingdom) The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea off Southwold, Suffolk by a Luftstreitkräfte aircraft.
Firelight (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (55°01′N 1°21′W) by SM UC-29 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Imberhorne (Finland) The full-rigged ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 130 nautical miles (240 km) north west by west of the Stags of Broadhaven, County Mayo, United Kingdom (54°07′N 13°04′W) by SM UC-73 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Ladywood (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 15 nautical miles (28 km) south west of the Wolf Rock, Cornwall (49°52′N 5°59′W) by SM UB-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Helen (United Kingdom) The coaster was scuttled in the Irish Sea 11 nautical miles (20 km) west of the Mull of Galloway, Wigtownshire by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ivrig (Norway) The barque was shelled and sunk in the Irish Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) south west of Portpatrick, Wigtownshire by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
John W. Pearn (United Kingdom) The schooner was scuttled in the English Channel 40 nautical miles (74 km) south south east of Start Point, Devon (49°42′N 2°58′W) by SM UC-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
La Manche (France) The barque was scuttled in the English Channel 8 nautical miles (15 km) north of the Les Hanois Lighthouse, Guernsey, Channel Islands by SM UC-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Raymond Ester (France) The fishing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 10 nautical miles (19 km) north west of Pendeen, Cornwall (50°15′N 5°53′W) by SM UC-48 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Rockingham (United States) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 150 nautical miles (280 km) west north west of Ireland (55°12′N 12°30′W) by SM U-69 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of two of her crew.
San Urbano (United Kingdom) The tanker was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 180 nautical miles (330 km) north west by north of the Fastnet Rock (51°33′N 13°38′W) by SM U-81 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of four of her crew.
SM U-81 (Kaiserliche Marine) The Type U 81 submarine was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean west of Ireland (51°33′N 13°38′W) by HMS E54 ( Royal Navy) with the loss of 31 of her crew.
W. D. Potts (United Kingdom) The schooner was shelled and sunk in the Irish Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) south west of Portpatrick by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

May 1, 1917

Air War:
Italian 91a Squadriglia is formed. Called "The Squadron of the aces". The best pilots of 70a Squadriglia and their SPAD VII fighters are transfered, leaving the old squadron with Nieuport 11s and 17s.

The first Airco DH.5s begin to equip No. 24 Squadron RFC in France.

Hermann Frommherz injured in a crash. He will not fly agaun until March 1, 1918.

0620 Candian RFC ace team of Canadian pilot Reginald Malcolm and English observer Leonard Emsden, flying FE.2d 7672, shoot down an Albatros D.III. Victory number 6 for both.

0645 Reginald Malcolm and Leonard Emsden shoot down a second Albatros D.III for victory number 7.

0915 South African RFC ace Quintin Brand, in Nieuport 17 A6668, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 6.

Sometime between 0935 and 1035 English RFC pilot Frank Stafford Wilkins, in SPAD VII B1560, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 1.

1000 Quintin Brand scores a second victory for the day, sharing another Albatros two seater with 2nd Lt L.M. Mansbridge. Number 7 for Brand.

1020 German pilot Kurt-Bertram von Döring, flying an Albatros D.II, shoots down Sopwith Triplane N5434 for victory number 2. Flight Sub-Lt D.M. Shields is wounded but crashes on his own side.

1050 German ace Kurt Wolff, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith Triplane N5474 for victory number 28. S/Lt Edmund Daniel Roach is killed.

1120 RFC team of pilot Frederick Thayre and Francis Cubbon, in FE.2d A6430, shoot down an Albatros D.III. Victory number 4 for Thayre, number 5 for Cubbon.

1140 German pilot Adolf von Tutschek, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith Pup N6186 for victory number 5. S/Lt Arthur Stuart Mather is taken prisoner.

1240 German ace Karl Schäfer, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Belgian Farman for victory number 24. Sgt Pauli and Lt de Bersaques are both killed.

1245 English RFC pilot Arthur Keen, flying Nieuport 17 B1633, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 2. Also involved are Cpt D.C. Rutter and AM1 A.W. Cant in Sopwith 1½ Strutter A8221.

1300 German pilot Paul Bona, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a French observation balloon for victory number 5.

1300 German pilot Wilhelm Cymera, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a French balloon for victory number 4.

1300 German pilot Hans Kummetz, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a balloon for victory number 4.

1300 Karl Schäfer scores victory number 2 for the day, shooting down Nieuport 17 A6678 for number 24 overall. Cpt E.D. Atkinson is wounded but makes it to his own side of the lines.

1700 English RFC ace Albert Ball, flying SE.5 A8898, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number37.

1800 Reginald Malcolm and Leonard Emsden score their third kill of the day, another Albatros D.III. Victory number 8 for both.
(This is the last victory for both of these men. Reginald Malcolm seems to disappear from the records after December 1918. Leonard Emsden died in 1976, age 82.

1855 Kurt Wolff scores his second kill of the day, shooting down FE.2b A815. Lt Gerald Sidney French is wounded. He and Lt Geoffrey Parker Harding are both taken prisoner.

We had just pulled off our bombs and were doing a recce of the German positions when we saw another FE, apparently in difficulties with two German machines on its tail. We turned our attention to these machines and engaged them while the other FE got away. Within a few seconds we were surrounded by eight other planes, making ten in all, headed by a red machine which the Germans told us afterwards was piloted by Captain Baron von Richthofen. We were flying at 7,000 feet at the time and the red machine which was well above and behind us, dived at us and put an explosive bullet in our petrol tank which set us on fire. My pilot, although he was getting badly burnt, dived vertically for the ground and made an excellent landing. Both of us got out of the machine safely and were then surrounded by about 2,000 Germans of the 69th Regiment. No Germans approached the machine until it had burnt itself out. My pilot, Lieutenant French, behaved splendidly thorughout and it is entirely owing to his presence of mind that we managed to get to earth.
-Geoffrey Harding, observer, report filed after the war.

Shot down in flames by EA, slightly burned. Bomb raid.
-Gerald French, pilot, report filed after the war

The Albatros in question was not von Richthofen, who was at this time on his way home to Germany for leave.

1900 German ace Lothar von Richthofen, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down FE.2b A782 for victory number 17. Lt. Berry King crashes unharmed on his own side of the lines. Sgt H.G. Taylor is wounded in the fight and suffers a broken collarbone in the crash, ending his combat career.

1935 German pilot Heinrich Claudius Kroll, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a SPAD for victory number 1. No details.

1950 Albert Ball scores his second kill of the day, shooting down an Albatros two-seater for number 38.

Italian ace Francesco Baracca, in a Nieuport 17, shoots down a Hansa-Brandenburg C.I for victory number 9.

South African RFC pilot Douglas John Bell, in a Martinsyde G.100, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

French pilot Raoul Echard, in a Nieuport, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory mumber 2.

German pilot Ludwig Hanstein, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down Nieuport 23 2675 for victory number 3. Sgt Georges Segond is killed.
(per Jasta War Chronology. According to French Air Service War Chronology this was Heinrich Kroll's "SPAD".)

German pilot Bertram Heinrich, flying an Albatros D.II with Marine Feld Jasta 1, shoots down a Sopwith 1½ Strutter for victory number 1.

French ace Charles Nungesser, in a Nieuport 25, shoots down two Albatros D.IIIs for victories 22 and 23.

German pilot Gotthard Sachsenberg, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Farman and a Sopwith 1½ Strutter for victories 1 and 2.



North Atlantic Ocean, far northwest of Ireland:
Ernst Wilhelms, commanding U-69, sinks American freighter SS Rockingham, 4,555 tons, bound from Baltimore for an unnamed destination with an unnamed cargo. His score is now 19 ships and 57,986 tons. This ship was originally named Nebraskan, attacked in May 1915 by Claus Hansen in U-41 but only damaged.



Far west pf Ireland:
Raimund Weisbach, in U-81, torpedoes British tanker SS San Urbino, 6,458 tons, en route from Puerto Mexico to London with a load of Naptha. His score is now 36 ships and 107,763 tons.
Weisback also torpedoes British freighter Dorie, 3,264 tons, carrying a load of sugar from Antigua to Queenstown, but the damaged ship is towed into a safe port.

Later this day, British submarine E-54 torpedoes U-81. 29 are killed. Raimund Weisbach is among the 7 survivors. He will survive the Second World War as well, and live until 1970.



Ireland:
Kurt Schapler, in UC-73, begins his career with the sinking of Finnish sailing ship Imberhorne, 2,042 tons, sailing from Mobile to Greenock with a load of pitch pine; off the Stags of Broadhaven.



Irish Sea:
Otto Steinbrinck, in UC-65, sinks three ships near Portpatrick, Scotland:
British coaster SS Helen, 322 tons, en route from Garston to Bangor, Ireland with a load of coal.
Norwegian barque Ivrig, 1,197 tons, travelling in ballast from Dublin to Newport News, Virginia.
British schooner W.D. Potts, 112 tons, carrying a load of china clay from Falmouth to Glasgow.
Steinbrinck's score is now 162 ships and 152,475 tons.



Cornwall:
Johannes Lohs, in UC-75, uses his deck gun to sink Russian sailing vessel Alide, 175 tons, bound from La Rochelle for Cardiff with a load of pit props. His score is now 7 vessels and 3,144 tons.



Celtic Sea:
Wilhelm Amberger, in UB-38, captures and scuttles British freighter SS Ladywood, 2,314 tons, headed from Port Nolloth to Swansea with a load of copper ore; just off the west end of The Channel. His score is now 16 ships and 16,729 tons.

Kurt Ramien, in UC-48, sinks French fishing boat Raymond Ester, 20 tons, just off Cornwall, raisning his total to 26 vessels and 40,747 tons.



English Channel:
Claus Lafrenz, in UB-18, sinks British freighter SS C.A. Jacques, 2,105 tons, travelling in ballast from Rouen to Tyne. His score is now 42 ships and 39,373 tons.

Herbert Pustkuchen, in UC-66, sinks three ships just inside the western entrance to the Channel.
British freighter SS Bagdale, 3,045 tons, in transit from Clyde to Naples with an unnamed cargo.
British schooner John W. Pearn, 76 tons, travelling in ballast from Granville to Plymouth.
French barque La Manche, 335 tons, sailing in ballast from Granville to Cardiff.
Pustkuchen's score is now 83 vessels and 107,184 tons.



North Sea:
Ernst Rosenow, in UC-29, sinks British freighter SS Firelight, 1,143 tons, en route from Tyne to London with a load of coal; just off the Tyne Pier. His score is now 15 ships and 15,517 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
Ernst Voigt, in UC-72, sinks three French fishing vessels off the Phare de Chassiron, outside of La Rochelle:
Acacia, 9 tons.
Antigone, 15 tons.
Camile Amelie, 21 tons.
Voigt's score is now 50 vessels and 13,480 tons.

Erwin Waßner, in UC-69, sinks Portuguese freighter SS Barreiron, 1,738 tons, carrying a load of wind and cocoa from Lisbon to Rouen; off Suances, Spain. His score is now 45 ships and 49,933 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Horst Obermüller, in UB-43, begins his career with the sinking of tanker British Sun, 5,565 tons, carrying a load of fuel oil from Abadan to Malta; 230 miles east-southeast of Malta.

[Jimbuna]

2nd May 1917

Western Front

In Champagne and Moronvilliers region enemy raids beaten back.

Naval and Overseas Operations

British destroyer HMS Derwent sunk by mine in Channel; 58 men lost.


Aviation

French aeroplanes bomb Trier in reprisal for German air raids against Chalons and Epernay.

Political, etc.

King George signs a proclamation urging people to lessen their consumption of wheat and be frugal in use of other grains as well.

Argentina receives reparation from Germany for sinking of "Monteprotegido".

U.S. government announces it will issue $2 billion worth of “liberty loans" to help finance the war effort.

Ship Losses:

Alessandria (Italy) The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 100 nautical miles (190 km) north of Benghazi, Libya by SM UC-74 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Amber (United Kingdom) The coaster was scuttled in the Irish Sea 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) Ballyherbert, County Down by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Beeswing (United Kingdom) The barque was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 140 nautical miles (260 km) west by north of the Fastnet Rock (50°50′N 13°00′W) by SM U-58 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Camerata (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and damaged in the Mediterranean Sea off Djidjelli, Algeria by SM UC-37 ( Kaiserliche Marine). She was beached but was later refloated.
Cancalais (France) The three-masted schooner was torpedoed and sunk in the Bay of Biscay 12 nautical miles (22 km) north west of the Île d'Yeu, Vendée (46°55′N 2°23′W) by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Certo (Norway) The cargo ship struck a mine laid by UC 26 (Matthias Graf von Schmettow) and sank in the English Channel off Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, France. Her crew survived.
Derrymore (United Kingdom) The coaster was scuttled in the Irish Sea off Ballyherbert by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Some of her crew survived.
HMS Derwent (Royal Navy) The River-class destroyer struck a mine laid by UC 26 (Matthias Graf von Schmettow) and sank in the English Channel off Le Havre (49°31′N 0°02′W) with the loss of 58 of her 70 crew.
Dione (Norway) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ireland (50°39′N 11°45′W) by SM U-58 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Earnest (United Kingdom) The schooner was scuttled in the Irish Sea 6 nautical miles (11 km) south east by south of the Skulmartin Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Gena (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea off Aldeburgh, Suffolk by an Imperial German Air Corps aircraft. Her crew survived.
Juno (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel 17 nautical miles (31 km) east of the Barfleur Lighthouse, Manche, France (49°48′N 0°51′W) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of a crew member.
Keryado (French Navy) The naval trawler was torpedoed and sunk in the Bay of Biscay 12 nautical miles (22 km) north west of the Île d'Yeu (46°46′N 2°41′W) by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of sixteen of her crew.
Morion (United Kingdom) The coaster was scuttled in the Irish Sea 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) south east of the Skulmartin Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Natuna (Norway) The barque was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 70 nautical miles (130 km) west of the Shetland Islands, United Kingdom (59°50′N 3°10′W) by SM U-44 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Nordzee (Netherlands) The koff was scuttled in the North Sea off the Noord Hinder Lightship ( Netherlands) by SM UC-62 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Rikard Noordrak (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the North Sea 9 nautical miles (17 km) south of Whitby, Yorkshire (54°23′N 0°22′W) by SM UB-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of two of her crew.
Russie (France) The schooner was scuttled in the Bay of Biscay 12 nautical miles (22 km) north west of the Île d'Yeu (46°46′N 2°41′W) by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Saint Mungo (United Kingdom) The coaster was scuttled in the Irish Sea 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) north north east of the South Rock Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Taizan Maru (Japan) The cargo ship was sunk in the Irish Sea 11 nautical miles (20 km) west of the Mull of Galloway (54°28′N 5°20′W) by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Tela (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 16 nautical miles (30 km) north east of Cape Barfleur, Manche (49°50′N 0°50′W) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Troilus (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 140 nautical miles (260 km) west north west of Malin Head, County Donegal (53°22′N 15°52′W) by SM U-69 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
United (United Kingdom) The fishing smack was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) off the Godrevy Lighthouse, Cornwall (50°13′N 5°53′W) by SM UC-48 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Vanduara (Norway) The barque was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ireland (50°24′N 14°59′W) by SM U-58 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Victoire (France) The schooner was scuttled in the Bay of Biscay (46°46′N 2°41′W) by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Warnow (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 6 nautical miles (11 km) west of Trevose Head, Cornwall (50°30′N 5°10′W) by SM UC-48 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of fourteen of her crew.
Westland (Netherlands) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the North Sea off the Terschelling Lightship ( Netherlands) (53°47′N 4°21′E) by SM UC-71 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Yvonne (France) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 12 nautical miles (22 km) north west of the Île d'Yeu (46°46′N 2°41′W) by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

May 2, 1917

Air War:
German ace Albert Dossenbach severely wounded, removing him from command of Jasta 36. Wiki says "during a bombing raid". The Aerodrome website says "while bombing an enemy airfield". The book Aces of Jagdgeschwader Nr III, by Greg van Wyngarten, however, says "a French bomb raid on the Jasta 36 airfield left Dossenbach badly wounded and he left for a field hospital."

0700 Three Sopwith Pups shoot down an Albatros two-seater:
Frederick Armstrong, Canada, N6178, victory number 3.
Edmund Pierce, England, N6171, number 5.
Arthur Whealy, N6194, number 3.

0730 South African RFC ace Henry Meintjes, in SE.5 A4848, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 6.

0740 English RFC ace Albert Ball, in SE.5 4855, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 39.

0810 Albert Ball scores his second kill of the day, shooting down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 40.

0830 German ace Otto Bernert, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Nieuport for victory number 25. No details.

0945 Australian RNAS pilot George Simpson, flying Sopwith Triplane N5460, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 3.

0950 English RNAS pilot Robert Compston, in Sopwith Triplane N5471, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 5.

1000 English RFC pilot Thomas Middleton, riding in Bristol F.2a A3325 with 2nd Lt C.G. Claye as observer, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 2.
Sharing the kill are 2nd Lts F.C. Farnes and ? Davis in A3349.

1010 Canadian RFC ace Billy Bishop, in Nieuport 23 B1566, shoots down an Albatros C.III for victory number 15.

1012 Billy Bishop shoots down an second Albatros C.III for number 16.

1115 English RFC pilot Donald Charles Cunnell, flying FE.2d A6431 with AM2 A.H. Sayers as observer, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1120 Irish RNAS ace Francis Casey, in Sopwith Pup N6182, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 9.

1415 English RFC ace John Andrews, in Sopwith Pup A6177, shoots down an Albatros D.II for victory number 9.

1545 English RFC pilot William Mayes Fry, in Nieuport 17 B1503, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1615 German ace Max von Müller, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down BE.2e 6281 for victory number 8. Lts John Francis Turner and Percy Strothard crash on their own side of the lines. Plane totally destroyed. The experience is too much for pilot Turner who suffers a concussion in the crash, and later reported to be "Unfit as a pilot or observer due to stress" and moved to ground duties at an RFC depot. by September he will be back with the infantry. Observer Laughton is wounded. When recovered he will recieve an assignment as an instructor until the end of the war.

1630 English RFC pilot Spencer Bertram Horn, in Nieuport 17 B1639, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1715 English RFC pilot Thomas Arthur Doran, flying a SPAD VII, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1715 Scottish RFC ace William Patrick, in SPAD VII B1527, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 8.

1815 German pilot Wolfgang Güttler, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Nieuport 17 for victory number 1.

1900 German pilot Albert Hausmann, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Caudron for victory number 3.

1945 English RFC pilot Owen John Frederick Scholte, in Bristol F.2a with AM2 F.W. Dame as observer, is credited with the downing of two Albatros D.IIIs for victories number 1 and 2.

1720 English RNAS Frederick Vincent Hall, flying Sopwith Pup N5196, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 1. Sharing the kill is Flight Commander J.D. Newberry, in N6462.

1930 Australian RNAS ace Bob Little, in Sopwith Triplane N5493, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 13.

1930 Scottish RFC pilot William Winkler and English observer Ernest Moore, in Bristol F.2a A3348, shoot down an Albatros D.III. Victory number 4 for both.

1935 French ace Georges Guynemer, in a SPAD VII, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 37. This seems likely to be Uffz Felix Schilf and Flg Felix Brockenmüll of Schasta 10, both killed.

1935 William Winkler and Ernest Moore score their second kill of the day, shooting down another Albatros D.III for victory number 5.

1940 William Winkler and Ernest Moore get their third win of the day, another Albatros D.III. Victory number 6 for both.

2030 English Canadian RNAS pilot Harold Edgar Mott, in Sopwith Pup N5188, and English pilot Harold Francis Packard, in Pup 9916, share a victory over a German two-seater. Number 1 for both.

French pilot Albert Achard, in a Nieuport, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 2.

German pilot Heinrich Bongartz, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Caudron for victory number 5.

French pilot Lt Floret and observer Paul Homo, flying a Caudron, shoot down two "Enemy Aircraft". Victories number 1 and 2 for Floret, 2 and 3 for Homo.

French pilot Alexandre Paul Leon Madeleine Marty, in a Nieuport 17, shoots down a "Scout" for victory number 1.



North Atlantic Ocean, far west of Ireland:
Kurt Wippern, commanding U-58, sinks three ships:
Britsh barque Beeswing, 1,462 tons, bound from Pensacola for Liverpool with a load of timber; sunk with deck gun.
Norwegian barque Dione, 785 tons, en route from St. Andrew, Florida to Sharpness with a load of pitch pine.
Norwegian barque Vanduara, 2,079 tons, carrying a load of dye wood from Favannah-la-Mar, Jamaica to Le Havre; deck gun.
Wipern's score is now 13 ships and 21,324 tons.

Ernst Wilhelms, in U-69, sinks British freighter SS Troilus, 7,625 tons, headed from Clyde to China with a general cargo. His score is now 20 ships and 65,611 tons.



Irish Sea:
Otto Steinbrinck, in UC-65, sinks seven vessels in the narrows between Ireland and Scotland:
British coaster SS Amber, 401 tons, en route from Troon to Waterford with a load of coal.
British coaster SS Derrymore, 485 tons, travelling in ballast from Dublin to Troon.
British coaster SS Dora, 296 tons, travelling in ballast from Belfast to Liverpool.
British schooner Earnest, 111 tons, carrying a load of coal frm Ardrossan to Dublin.
British coaster Morion, 299 tons, en route from Dublin to Cairnlough.
British coaster SS Saint Mungo, 402 tons, hauling coal from Troon to Dublin.
Japanese freighter Taizan Maru, 3,527 tons, bound from CArthagena for Ardrossan with a load of iron ore.
Steinbrinck's score is now 169 ships and 157,996 tons.



Celtic Sea:
Kurt Ramien, in UC-48, sinks two vessels off Cornwall:
British fishing smack United, 61 tons; scuttled.
British freighter SS Warnow, 1,593 tons, torpedoed while underway from Penarth with a load of railway material.
Ramien's score is now 28 ships and 42,401 tons.



English Channel:
Claus Lafenz, in UB-18, sinks two British freighters off Cap Barfleur:
SS Juno, 1,384 tons, travelling in ballast from Rouen to Cardiff.
SS Tela, 7,226 tons, en route from Le Havre to Cardiff with an unspecified cargo.
Lafrenz's score is now 44 ships and 47,983 tons.

Matthias von Schmettow, in UC-26, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Certo, 1,629 tons, taking a load of coal from Newcastle to Le Havre.
Meanwhile, British destroyer HMS Derwent hits a mine laid by UC-26 off Le Havre.
Von Schmettow's score is now 77 ships and 113,327 tons.



North Sea:
Paul Wagenfür, in U-44, sfuttles Norwegian barque Natuna, 1,121 tons, carrying a load of oilcake from Savannah, Georgia to Odense. His score is now 21 ahips and 68,334 tons.

Franz Walther, in UB-21, torpedoes Norwegian freighter SS Rikard Nordraak, 1,123 tons, bound from Sunderland for Rouen with a load of coal. His score is now 7 ships and 6,901 tons.

Max Schmitz, in UC-62, scuttles Dutch koff Noordzee, 136 tons, en route from Rotterdam to Le Havre with a load of milk; near the Noord Hinder lightship. his score is now 35 vessels and 5,994 tons.

Hugo Thielmann, in UC-71, scuttles Dutch fisherman Westland, 108 tons, off the Terschelling lightship, bringing his score to 3 vessels and 8,633 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
Ernst Voigt, in UC-72, sinks four French sailing vessels and their escort, off Ile d'Yeu:
Naval trawler Keryado, 175 tons, escorting the other four, torpedoed at 0030. Only one survivor.
Schooner Cancalais, 231 tons, carrying 220 tons of pit props from Pauillace to Cardiff.
Schooner Victoire, 290 tons, Cardiff to Bordeaux with a load of coal. This vessel was attacked on January 21 by Reinhold Saltzwedel in UC-21, and was towed into port.
Schooner Russie, 127 tons, travelling in ballast from Dunkirk to Bordeaux and then to Iceland; scuttled.
Dandy Yvonne, 100 tons, carrying pit props from Mortagne sur Girond to Swansea.
The crews of the four sailing vessels all reach shore safely.
Voigt's score is now 55 vessels and 14,403 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Otto Launburg, in UC-37, torpedoes British freighter SS Camerata, 3,723 tons, carrying military stores from Avonmouth to Alexadria; just off Djidjelli, Algeria (modern Jijel). The damaged ship is beached and later refloated and repaired.

Wilhelm Marschall, in UC-74, sinks Italian freighter SS Alessandria, en route from Karachi to Naples with a load of wheat, 100 miles north of Benghazi. His score is now 5 ships and 24,236 tons.

[Jimbuna]

3rd May 1917

Western Front

British attack east of Arras on 12 mile front, taking Fresnoy and break through "Hindenburg" switch at Queant: progress also at Cherisy and Fontaine Wood.

Aviation

World War I fighter plane SE5 A8907, equipped with a Lewis Gun and piloted by the British Ace, Captain Albert Ball who served the No. 56 Squadron RAF. Taken on May 3, 1917 at the Candas Royal Flying Corps Depot.


Political, etc.

Members of Imperial War Conference received by King at Windsor.

British Trade Corporation founded with capital of 10 millions.

Sweden prohibits the exportation of nearly all foodstuffs in order to control food shortages.

Massive demonstrations erupt in Petrograd in protest against the Russian government's decision to continue the war.

Ship Losses:

Antonio Sciesa (Italy) The cargo ship was sunk in the Ionian Sea 24 nautical miles (44 km) south south east of Sapientza, Greece (36°39′N 21°15′E) by SM U-14 ( Austro-Hungarian Navy). Her crew survived.
Carberry King (United Kingdom) The drifter was scuttled in the English Channel 14 nautical miles (26 km) south of The Lizard, Cornwall (49°44′N 5°07′W) by SM UC-75 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Clodmoor (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) south west of Newhaven, East Sussex (50°43′N 0°01′W) by SM UB-40 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Eleanor (United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the English Channel (49°45′N 5°07′W) by SM UC-75 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Fastnet (United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the English Channel (49°45′N 5°07′W) by SM UC-75 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Fils du Progres (France) The trawler was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) south west of the Île de Sein, Finistère by SM UC-61 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Frederick Knight (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 115 nautical miles (213 km) north west by west of the Fastnet Rock (51°43′N 12°21′W) by SM U-62 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Giovannina (Italy) The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 10 nautical miles (19 km) south west of Belle Île, Morbihan, France by SM UC-61 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Glen Tanar (United Kingdom) The coaster struck a mine laid by UC 77 (Reinhard von Rabenau) and sank in the North Sea 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) north east of Girdle Ness, Aberdeenshire (57°10′N 2°02′W). Her crew survived.
Helge (Denmark) The schooner was scuttled in the North Sea (56°28′N 3°43′E) by SM UC-49 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Hibernia (United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 14 nautical miles (26 km) south east of Baltimore, County Cork by SM UC-75 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Lindisfarne (Russia) The full-rigged ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ireland (40°20′N 14°00′W) by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Lucky Lass (United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the English Channel (49°34′N 5°07′W) by SM UC-75 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Maria (Greece) The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay by SM UC-69 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Mezly (France) The barque was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean (50°15′N 15°36′W) by SM UC-73 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Misurata (Italy) The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 50°10′N 17°15′W) by SM UC-73 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
North Star (United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the English Channel (49°45′N 5°05′W) by SM UC-75 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Polstad (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Ortegal, Spain (43°43′N 7°06′W) by SM UC-69 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Sir Edward Birkbeck (United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the English Channel by SM UC-75 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Truvor (Russia) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Barents Sea off Mys Zyp-Navolok (70°08′N 33°07′E) by SM U-45 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ussa (United Kingdom) The cargo ship struck a mine laid by UC 26 (Matthias Graf von Schmettow) and sank in the English Channel 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) off Cherbourg, Seine-Maritime, France by SM UC-26 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Washington (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Gulf of Genoa 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) off Camogli, Liguria, Italy (44°14′N 9°07′E) by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

May 3, 1917

Air War:
1520 English RFC pilot Frederick Thayre and Indian observer Francis Cubbon, flying FE.2d A6430, shoot down an Albatros D.III. Victory number 5 for Thayre, 6 for Cubbon.

1525 Frederick Thayre and Francis Cubbon make their second kill of the day, another Albatros D.III. Number 6 for Thayre, 7 for Cubbon.

1730 Canadian RFC observer Gerald Bell, riding in FE.2b with pilot 2nd Lt E.A.H. Ward in FE.2b A855, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 2.

1810 Australian RNAS pilot Anthony Arnold, in Sopwith Triplane N6290, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 4.

1810 Australian RNAS pilot Phillip Andrew Johnston, in Sopwith Triplane N5449, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1830 Ace Irish RFC observer Giles Blennerhasset, riding in FE.2b A5506 with Cpt W.H. Tolhurst as pilot, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 6.

French pilots François Eugene Marie Antoine de Boigne and Raoul Echard, both in Nieuports, share a victory over an "Enemy Aircraft". Number 1 for de Boigne, number 3 for Echard.

French pilot Honoré de Bonald, in a Nieuport, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 3.

German ace Walter Göttsch, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down FE.8 A4873 for victory number 10. Cpt S.F. Browning is killed.

French ace Charles Nungesser, in a Nieuport 25, shoots down a Rumpler two-seater for victory number 24.

French pilot Bernard Henri Barny de Romanet, flying a Nieuport, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 1.



North Atlantic Ocean, far west of Ireland:
Ernst Hashagen, commanding U-62, sinks British freighter SS Frederick Knight, 3,604 tons, bound from Norfolk to Britain with a load of sugar. his score is now 24 ships and 31,671 tons.



Far southwest of Ireland:
Otto Hersing, in U-21, scuttles Russian sailing ship Lindisfarne, 1,703 tons, carrying a load of nitrate from Autofogasta, Chile to Le Havre. His score is now 38 ships and 112,433 tons.

Kurt Schapler, in UC-73, sinks two ships:
French barque Mezly, 1,568 tons, sailing from Antofogasta to Nantes with a load of nitrates. Sunk with deck gun.
Italian freighter SS Misurata, 2,691 tons, route and cargo unspecified. Deck gun.
Schapler's score is now 3 ships and 6,301 tons.



English Channel:
Hans Howaldt, in UB-40, sinks British freighter SS Clodmoor, 3,753 tons, en route from Bahia Blanca to Newcastle with a load of wheat. His score is now 26 ships and 22,831 tons.

British freighter SS Ussa, 2,066 tons, travelling from Manchester to Cherbourg with a load of hay and wagons, hits a mine laid by Matthias von Schmettow in UC-26. His score is now 78 ships and 115,393 tons.

Johannes Lohs, in UC-75, scuttles a British fishing fleet south of The Stags, at the west end of The Channel:
Carberry King, 31 tons.
Eleanor, 31 tons.
Fastnet, 31 tons.
Hibernia, 21 tons.
Lucky Lass, 10 tons.
North Star, 15 tons.
Sir Edward Birkbeck, 23 tons.
Lohs' score is now 13 vessels and 3,306 tons.



North Sea:
Hellmuth Jürst, in U-43, takes two prizes:
Dutch trawler Emma, 183 tons.
Dutch trawler Concordia, 173 tons.
Both are later released by the Prize Court.
This is Jürst's last war patrol. He will survive the war, leave the Navy in August 1919 and live until May 1958.

Alfred Arnold, in UC-49, sinks Danish schooner Helge, 162 tons, sailing from Newcastle to Nakskov with a load of coal. This his his first sinking.

British freighter SS Glen Tanar, 817 tons, taking a load of coal from Seaham to Aberdeen, hits a mine laid off Girdleness, Aberdeen by Reinhard von Rabenau in UC-77, bringing his score is now 9 ships and 5,511 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
Georg Gerth, in UC-61, sinks two vessels off Brittany:
French fishing boat Fils du Progres, 25 tons, sunk with deck gun off Île-de-Sein.
Italian freighter SS Giovannina, 3,030 tons, sunk off Belle-Île.
Gerth's total is now 9 ships and 8,942 tons.

Erwin Waßner, in UC-69, sinks two ships just north of Spain:
Greek freighter SS Maria, 2,754 tons, transporting a load of wheat from Manchester to Gibraltar, off Ribadeo.
Norwegian freighter SS Polstad, 2,692 tons, en route from Cardiff to Gibraltare with a load of coal.
Waßner's score is now 47 ships and 55,379 tons.



Barents Sea:
Erich Sittenfeld, in U-45, torpedoes Russian freighter SS Truvor, 2,462 tons, en route from Tyne to Russia with a load of coal. His score is now 18 ships and 27,658 tons.
Sittenfeld also fires a torpedo at British freighter SS Palm Branch, 3,891 tons, which misses, then surfaces and attacks the ship with his deck gun. The damaged freighter manages to escape.



Ligurian Sea:
Otto Schultze, in U-63, sinks British freighter SS Washington, 5,080 tons, carrying a general cargo from New York to Livorno; off Rapallo Bay, near Genoa. His score is now 32 ships and 76,148 tons.



Ionian Sea:
Georg von Trapp, in Austrian U-14, sinks Italian freighter SS Antonio Sciesa, 1,905 tons, en route from Naples to Torre Annunziata with an unspecified cargo. His score is now 5 ships and 20,895 tons.

[Jimbuna]

4th May 1917

Western Front

French take Craonne, and trenches on 3-mile front, 17 miles north-west of Reims. They bomb factories near Metz.

19,343 prisoners secured by British during April.

Naval and Overseas Operations

British troopship Transylvania torpedoed in Mediterranean by U-63, 31 officers and 382 men lost.


Political, etc.

President Wilson asks Congress for broad economic powers to fix prices for necessities, regulate markets, stop manipulation & limit brewing.

Russian Provisional Government secures narrow vote of confidence.

Ship Losses:

Aghios Nikolaos (Greece) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel 16 nautical miles (30 km) south east of Barfleur, Manche, France (49°43′N 0°54′W) by SM UB-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Assos (Greece) The cargo ship was captured and scuttled in the English Channel 16 nautical miles (30 km) south east of Barfleur 49°43′N 0°54′W by SM UB-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Caméléon (French Navy) The naval whaler struck a mine laid by
UC 34 (Robert Sprenger) and sank in the Gulf of Patras off Cape Papas, Greece with the loss of a crew member.
Francesco C. (Italy) The barque was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea west of Sardinia (40°18′N 8°08′E) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Herrington (United Kingdom) The collier struck a mine laid by UC 77 (Reinhard von Rabenau) and sank in the North Sea 0.75 nautical miles (1.39 km) east south east of Red Head, Forfarshire (56°37′N 2°27′W). Her crew survived.
Ilva (Italy) The cargo ship was captured and scuttled in the Bay of Biscay 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) off Coelleira Island, Galicia, Spain by SM UC-69 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ioannis p. Goulandris (Greece) The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 23 nautical miles (43 km) east of the Punta de Estaca de Bares by SM UC-69 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Jørgen Olsen (Denmark) The three-masted schooner was shelled and damaged in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) west of Ireland by SM U-62 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived but she was declared a constructive total loss.
Joseph (United Kingdom) The brigantine was scuttled in the English Channel 20 nautical miles (37 km) north of Caen, Calvados, France (49°39′N 0°38′W) by SM UB-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
HMT Lord Salisbury (Royal Navy) The naval trawler was lost on this date.
Marie (Denmark) The coaster was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea off Aberdeen, United Kingdom (58°30′N 1°04′W) by SM UC-51 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of two of her crew.
Marie (France) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south of Ireland by SM UC-75 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Mamelena IX (Spain) The trawler was scuttled in the Bay of Biscay south west of the Contis Lighthouse, Landes, France by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine)
Mamelena XII (Spain) The trawler was scuttled in the Bay of Biscay south west of the Contis Lighthouse by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Marne (French Navy) The naval trawler was shelled and sunk in the Bay of Biscay south west of the Contis Lighthouse by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Neptunus (Netherlands) The coaster was scuttled in the North Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) north of the North Hinder Lightship ( Netherlands) by SM UC-62 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
New Design No.2 (United Kingdom) The schooner was scuttled in the Irish Sea 25 nautical miles (46 km) north by west of the South Bishop Lighthouse by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Pilar de Larrinaga (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedeoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) south east by south of the Tuskar Rock, Ireland (52°10′N 6°08′W) by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of twenty of her crew.
Sophie (Denmark) The sailing vessel was sunk in the North Sea by SM UC-42 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Strumble (United Kingdom) The fishing smack was scuttled in the Irish Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) north north east of Strumble Head, Pembrokeshire by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Transylvania (United Kingdom) The troopship was torpedoed and sunk in the Gulf of Genoa 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) off Cape Vado, Liguria, Italy (44°15′N 8°30′E) by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 413 lives.
Tromp (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) off Rencardeida Point, Spain (43°46′N 7°34′W) by SM UC-69 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Vale (Norway) The coaster was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 68 nautical miles (126 km) east by north of the Isle of May, Fife, United Kingdom (56°02′N 1°00′W) by SM UC-77 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of three of her crew.
Verdun (France) The fishing vessel was shelled and sunk in the Bay of Biscay south west of the Contis Lighthouse by SM UC-72 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Victorious (United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the Irish Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) north north east of Strumble Head by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

May 4, 1917

Air War:
0715 French ace Alfred Heurtaux, flying a Nieuport, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 21. Unsure, but Ltns von der Linde and Wolters of FAA 254 are both wounded and captured about this time.

Sometime between 0830 and 1030 English RNAS pilot Cyril Askew Eyre, in Sopwith Triplane N5435, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1025 English observer Kenneth Arthur Seth-Smith, riding in Sopwith 1½ Strutter A8211 with a Sgt Skinner as pilot, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1050 English RFC pilot Robert Farquhar, in a SPAD VII, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 2.

1215 English RFC observer Trevor Durrant, riding as observer in DH.4 A7415 with Lt P.J. Barnett as pilot, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1317 German ace Göttsch, flying an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith 1½ Strutter A1001 for victory number 11. 2nd Lts V.H. Adams and I.L. Pinson are both killed.

1335 English RNAS ace Charles Booker, in Sopwith Triplane N5482, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 6.

1336 Canadian RFC ace William Bishop, in Nieuport 23 B1566, and English pilot William Fry, in Nieuport 17 B1597, share a victory over an AEG two-seater. Number 17 for Bishop and number 2 for Fry.

1405 French ace René Dorme, in SPAD VII S392, shoots down a German three-seater for victory number 22.

1597 French ace Georges Guynemer, in a SPAD VII, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 38. The French Air War Chronology says this is probably Flg Johann Weidmann and Vfw Walter Lagerhauser of Schasta 25, both killed.

1615 English RFC observer Valentine Reed, riding in Bristol F.2b A3347 with Lt H. Smithers as pilot, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 1.

1845 German ace Otto Bernert, in an Albatros D.III, destroys a British observation balloon for victory number 26. The balloon observer, Lt Sharp, parachutes safely.

Sometime between 1850 and 2000 Englisn RFC ace Albert Ball, in SE.5 A8898, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 41.

On the same patrol Scottish RFC pilot Gerald Maxwell, in SE.5 A8902, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 2.

1950 English RNAS pilot Herbert Ellis, in Nieuport 17 B1545, is credited with shooting down three Albatros D.IIIs, for victories 5, 6 and 7. The first two crash at Douai aerodrome. The third attacks Ellis, who empties his machine gun and then fires seven rounds from his Colt pistol, at which point the enemy plane goes down. Whether the pistol brought down the Albatros, or even hit it, is a matter of speculation.

2040 German ace Adolf von Tutschek, flying an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith Pup N6207 for victory number 6. S/Lt Harry Stephen Murton is taken prisoner.

German pilot Franz Brandt, in an Albatros D.II, shoots down a SPAD VII for victory number 1. Possibly Sgt Pierre Devaulx of N26, wounded.

German ace Heinrish Gontermann, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a SPAD VIII for victory number 18. Possibly SLt René Rollet of N12, shot down in flames but crashed between the trenches unharmed.

German pilot Joseph Veltjens, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Farman for victory number 2. Sgt Emile Bonnomet and Lt Gilles are both killed.



Northwest of Ireland:
Hans Adam, commanding U-82, torpedoes Greek freighter SS Ellin, 4,577 tons, route and cargo unlisted. The damaged freighter reaches port safely.



Ireland:
Ernst Hashagen, in U-62, shells Danish sailing vessel Jörgen Olsen, 310 tons, carrying a load of timber from Jacksonville to Liverpool. the damaged ship manages to escape. Towed to a safe port, written off as a total loss, but Lloyd's War Losses lists it as damaged only (per Uboat.net).

Otto Steinbrinck, in UC-65, sinks four vessels off the southern Irish coast:
British schooner New Design No. 2, 66 tons carrying a load of bricks from Bridgewater to Dublin; scuttled off the South Bishop lighthouse.
British freighter SS Pilar de Larrinaga, 4,136 tons, en route from Galveston to Manchester with a general cargo; sunk off Tuskar Rock.
British fishing smack Strumble, 45 tons; scuttled off Strumble Head.
British fishing vessel Victorious, 39 tons; scuttled off Strumble Head.
Steinbrinck's score is now 173 vessels and 162,282 tons.

Johannes Lohs, in UC-75, scuttles French sailing vessel Marie, 133 tons, bringing his total to 14 vessels and 3,439 tons.



English Channel:
Wilhelm Amberger, in UB-38, sinks three ships off Cap Barfleur:
Greek freighter SS Aghios Nikoaos, 2,231 tons, carrying a load of iron ore frm Oran to Boulogne.
Greek freighter SS Assos, 2,840 tons, headed from Colombo to Dunkerque with a load of Maize.
British Brigantine Joseph, 205 tons, scuttled while underway from Tyne to Caen with a load of coal.
Amberger's total is now 19 ships and 22,005 tons.



North Sea:
Otto Tornow, in UC-42, scuttles Danish schooner Sophie, 64 tons, heading from Blyth to Skagen with a load of coal. His score is now 4 vessels and 2,083 tons.

Hans Galster, in UC-51, torpedoes Danish freighter SS Marie, 772 tons, travelling from Fredrikstad to Hull with a load of timber and wood pulp; off Aberdeen. This is his first sinking.

Max Schmitz, in UC-62, fires a torpedo at Dutch coaster SS Neptunus, 160 tons, bound from Rotterdam for London with an unlisted cargo, which mises. UC-62 then surfaces, captures and scuttles the small steamer; off the Noord Hinder lightship. His score is now 36 vessels and 6,154 tons.

British freighter SS Herrington, 1,258 tons, carrying a load of coal from Methil to an unnamed destination, hits a mine laid by Reinhard von Rabenau in UC-77 off Red Head.
Meanwhile UC-77 torpedoes Norwegian freighter SS Vale, 720 tons, travelling in ballast from Newcastle to Bergen.
British trawler Wolseley, 159 tons, is attacked with the deck gun but survives.
Vo Rabenau's score is now 11 ships and 6,489 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
Erwin Waßner, in UC-69, sinks three ships at the northwest point of Spain:
Italian freighter SS Ilva, 2,140 tons, en route from Genoa to Barry with an unspecified cargo; sunk off Isla Colleira.
Greek freighter SS Ioannis P. Goulandris, 3,153 tons, carrying a load of ore from Bougie to Barrow; sunk off Punta de Estaca.
Norwegian freighter SS Tromp, 2,751 tons, travelling from Aguilas to Glasgow with a load of Iron Ore; sunk off Punta de Rencardeida.
Waßner's score is now 50 ships and 63,423 tons.

Ernst Voigt, in UC-72, sinks four vessels off the Contis lighthouse, near the southern end of France:
Spanish trawler Mamelena IX, 115 tons; scuttled.
Spanish trawler Mamelena XII, 111 tons; scuttled.
French fishing vessel Marne II, 25 tons; deck gun.
French fishing vessel Verdun, 25 tons; deck gun.
Voigt's score is now 59 vessels and 15,129 tons.



Ligurian Sea:
Otto Schultze, in U-63, torpedoes British troopship HMS Transylvania, 14,348 tons, loaded with troops out of Marseille for Alexandria. 270 casualties. Schultze's score is now 33 ships and 90,496 tons.



Ionian Sea:
Rudolf Singule, in Austrian U-4, torpedoes Italian troopship Perseo, 4,857 tons, raising his score to 15 ships and 19,410 tons.



Greece:
French naval whaler Cameleon, 179 tons, hits a mine laid by Robert Sprenger in UC-34 off Cape Papas, at the entrance to the Gulf of Patras. His score is now 7 vessels and 10,094 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Johannes Klasing, in U-34, scuttles Italian barque Francesco C, 984 tons, en route from Genoa to Carloforte with an unspecified cargo; off the west coast of Sardinia. His tally is now 12 ships and 6,920 tons.