100 Years Ago Today

[Jimbuna]

15th July 1916

Western Front

British advance continued; capture of Delville Wood, penetrate to Bois des Foureaux and outskirts of Pozieres; 2,000 prisoners taken; second defence lines penetrated; British cavalry in action.

South of Somme, Germans re-enter Biaches and La Maisonette, and are again driven out by French.

Eastern Front

Riga front Russians, supported by sea and land artillery, make slight advance west of Kemmern.

Southern Lutsk salient Russians under Sakharov, anticipating Austrian offensive, attack them on Upper Styr.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Russian right wing, under General Yudenich, occupies Baiburt; the left drives back Turks south-west of Mush.

Political, etc.

Sir Edward Grey: “Every week now the Allies are gaining confidence and the enemy is losing it.”

German Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg meets with the Kaiser to discuss whether or not to resume unrestricted submarine warfare.

Lord Robert Cecil states Germany refused to exchange 4000 British civilians for the same number of Germans interned in Britain.

Pacific Aero Products Co (later Boeing) is incorporated in Seattle by William E. Boeing.

Ship Losses:

Bertha (Norway) The schooner was set afire in the North Sea 60 nautical miles (110 km) east of West Hartlepool, County Durham, United Kingdom by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). She was towed in to port but was declared a total loss. Her crew survived.
Dina (Netherlands) The schooner was sunk in the North Sea 40 nautical miles (74 km) off Sunderland, County Durham by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
HMS H3 (Royal Navy) The H-class submarine struck a mine and sank in the Gulf of Cattaro.
Sylvie (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km) off Cape Sigli, Algeria (37°10′N 5°00′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

July 15, 1916

Air War:
0500 English RFC pilot Gwilym Hugh Lewis, flying DH.2 7859, claimes an eindecker for his first victory. Shared with 2nd Lt K. Matheson and AM1 J. Booth in FE.2b 4272. No information on either of them.

1600 Canadian RNAS pilot Daniel Murray Bayne Gailbraith, in Nieuport 10 3963, claims a seaplane for victory number 1.

1845 French pilot Noël de Rochefort, in Niuport 11 1374, shoots down an Aviatik two-seater for kill number 5.

British pilot E.D. Hicks and American RFC observer Frederick Libby, in an FE.2b, bring down an AGO two-seater. Number 1 for Libby, unknown for Hicks.

German ace Walter Höhndorf, Flying a Fokker E.III, shoots down Nieuport 16 1392 for victory number 8. MdL Georges Abel Nautre is taken prisoner.

German pilot Stefan Kirmaier, in a Fokker E.III, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for number 3.

French pilot Georges Lachmann, in a Nieuport 11 or 16, destroys a German observation balloon for victory number 1.

French pilot Didier Lecor-Grandmaisson and gunners Jules Campion and Leon Vitalis, an a Caudron R.4 "battle plane", shoot down an LVG two-seater. Number 1 for Lecor-Grandmaisson, number 2 for Vitalis, unknown for Campion.

French pilot Paul Albert Pierre Tarascon, flying a Nieuport 11 or 17, brings down an LVG two-seater for vicotry number 1.

German pilot Franz Walz, flying an unnamed two-seater with an unnamed observer, claims a Caudron G.4 for victory number 5.



North Sea:
Otto Steinbrinck begins his seventh war patrol (third in UB-18) with the sinking of Norwegian schooner Bertha, 203 tons, bound from Tønsberg for West Hartlespool with a load of pit props. After the crew abandon ship, a party from UB-18 board the vessel and set it on fire. Steinbrinck then sinks Dutch schooner Dina, 164 tons, carrying pit props from Christiania to Hartlepool. His score is now 42 ships and 36,912 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Still moving westward along the Algerian coastline, Walter Forstmann and U-39 sink another British freighter, SS Sylvie, 1,354 tons, travelling in ballast from Cartagena, Spain to Bône, Algeria (modern Annaba). Forstmann's score is now 80 ships and 193,240 tons.



Adriatic Sea:
British submarine HMS H-3 hits a mine while trying to sneak into the Austrian base at Cattaro. All hands lost.



German East Africa:
Cruiser HMS Talbot delivers the frame for a new lighthouse to the crew of monitor HMS Severn at Ulenge Island.

[Jimbuna]

16th July 1916

Western Front

British consolidate their positions; withdraw from Bois des Foureaux (High Wood); French make slight advance west of Fleury (Verdun).

Eastern Front

Sakharov drives Austrians back on to the Lipa, captures Mikhailovka, makes 13,000 prisoners.

Ship Losses:

Alto (United Kingdom) The cargo ship struck a mine laid by UC 1 (Kurt Ramien) and sank in the North Sea 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) off Kessingland, Suffolk. Her crew survived.
Euphorbia (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 56 nautical miles (104 km) north east of Algiers, Algeria by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of eleven crew.
Mopsa (United Kingdom) The coaster struck a mine laid by UC 1 (Kurt Ramien) and was damaged in the North Sea 7 nautical miles (13 km) south of Lowestoft, Suffolk. She was beached but was declared a total loss. Her crew survived.
Sirra (Italy) The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Cape Cherchell, Algeria (37°39′N 3°20′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Virginia (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 42 nautical miles (78 km) south west by west of Cape Matapan, Greece by SM UB-45 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of two of her 50 crew.
Wiltonhall (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 65 nautical miles (120 km) north west of Algiers (37°54′N 3°50′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

July 16, 1916

Air War:
No. 3 Wing RNAS departs for France as the first British Strategic Bombing Wing.

French ace Georges Guynemer, flying an unnamed Nieuport, shoots down an LVG C.II for victory number 10.

French pilot Alfred Heurtaux, in a Nieuport 17, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 2.



North Sea:
Otto Dröscher, commanding U-78, begins his career with the capture of Swedish freighter SS Vidar, 2,178 tons, as a prize. The Prize Court releases the ship back to its owners.

British freighters Alto, 2,266 tons, travelling in ballast from Rouen to Newcastle, and Mopsa, 885 tons, carrying a load of coal from Goole to Boulogne, both hit mines laid by Kurt Ramien in UC-1. His score is now 9 ships and 19,360 tons.



Baltic Sea:
Russian submarine Vepr sinks German freighter SS Syria, 3,597 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Leading u-boat ace Walter Forstmann, in U-39, sinks three more ships:
British freighter SS Euphorbia, 3,837 tons, bound from Calcutta for London with a general cargo.
Italian freighter SS Sirra, 3,203 tons, travelling from Naples to New York with an unnamed cargo.
British freighter SS Wiltonhall, 3,387 tons, carrying a general cargo from Bombay to Hull.
Forstmann's score is now 83 ships and 203,667 tons.

Karl Palis, in UB-45, begins his career with the sinking of British freighter SS Virginia, 4,279 tons, carrying a load of salt from Torrevieja to Calcutta, off Cape Matapan, Greece.



German East Africa:
British Monitor HMS Severn tows lighter with parts to build lighthouse at Kwale Bay.



Japan:
Japanese freighter Yeijo Maru, 2,506 tons, travelling in ballast from Yokohama to Otaru, runs aground and is lost.



United States:
American freighter SS William Chisholm, carrying a load of coal from Sewalls Point, Florida to Boston, is wrecked near Bourne, Massachusetts, in the Cape Cod Canal.

[Jimbuna]

17th July 1916

Western Front

British storm and capture German second line positions on front of 1,500 yards. Take Waterlot Farm, east of Longueval; clear Ovillers of the remaining Germans.

French repulse attacks at Biaches and La Maisonette Farm.

Eastern Front

Russians make progress in the Carpathians.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

In Sinai Peninsula a Turkish and German force under von Kressenstein advances westward on Katiya.

Naval and Overseas Operations

British capture two German steamers on Lake Victoria Nyanza.

Political, etc.

Trade Unions recommend postponement of all holidays in connection with munitions production.

Count Mihály Károlyi of the Hungarian Parliament declares Austria as corrupt and demands peace for Hungary.

Ship Losses:

Angelo (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 80 nautical miles (150 km) north east of Algiers, Algeria by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Gertrude United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the North Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) north north east of the Haisborough Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Glance (United Kingdom) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the North Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) north north east of the Haisborough Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Loch Nevis (United Kingdom) The fishing smack was scuttled in the North Sea off the Smith's Knoll Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Loch Tay (United Kingdom) The fishing smack was scuttled in the North Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) north north east of the Haisborough Lighthship ( United Kingdom) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Rosemoor (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 80 nautical miles (150 km) north east of Algiers (37°53′N 3°56′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Syria (Germany) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Baltic Sea off Skellefteå, Västerbottne County, Sweden.
Waverley (United Kingdom) The fishing smack was scuttled in the North Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) north north east of the Haisborough Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
W.M.G. (United Kingdom) The fishing smack was scuttled in the North Sea 6 nautical miles (11 km) north east of the Haisborough Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UB-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

July 17, 1916

Air War:
German bomber crew, pilot Karl Meyer and gunner Erich Bönisch, in Friedrichshaven F.33 599, shoot down down a French flying boat. Victory number 1 for Meyer, number 3 for Bönisch.



North Sea:
Otto Steinbrinck, commanding UB-18, stops and scuttles fishing smacks Gertrude, 57 tons, Glance, 60 tons, Loch Nevis, 58 tons, Loch Tay, 44 tons, V.M.G., 59 tons, and Waverley, 59 tons. This brings his score to 48 ships and 37,234 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Walter Forstmann, in U-39, sinks Italian freighter SS Angelo, 3,609 tons, bound from Genoa for Philadelphia; and British freighter SS Rosemore, 4,303 tons, travelling in ballast from Genoa to Hampton Roads. His score is now 85 ships and 211,579 tons.



Atlantic Ocean:
Canadian tug C.W. Morse departs New York for San Juan, Puerto Rico and then the Gold Coast (modern Ghana). The tug never reached San Juan, and is believed lost in a hurricane which entered the region about that time.

[Jimbuna]

18th July 1916

Western Front

North of Ovillers British advance on 1,000 yards front.

Germans make strong counter-attacks at Longueval and Delville Wood; retake part of latter.

Germans again repulsed at Biaches (Somme).

For third day, close fighting round Fleury (Verdun).

Eastern Front

German seaplanes drop bombs on Reval (G. of Bothnia).

Sakharov continues pressure against Austrians; drives them south of the Lipa.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

In Armenia, Russians continue advance; capture Kighi, an important junction on Erzerum-Baiburt road.

Naval and Overseas Operations

General Smuts reports steady clearance of Usambara district; enemy forces driven down Pangani river.

Aviation

Morane-Saulnier monoplanes in French service have all their metal parts (spinners, struts, and cowlings) painted red to avoid confusion with German Fokker monoplanes, the first time markings are used to identify a type of aircraft.

Political, etc.

General Haig at the Somme: “At this moment we are engaged in the greatest battle the British Army has ever fought.”

King George V: “The continued successful advance of my troops fills me with admiration, and I send my best wishes to all ranks.”

Kaiser Wilhelm: “Give the men in the trenches my greeting, and…tell them how important it is that they keep firm reliance on God.”

British organized labour agree to postpone August holidays so that the British Army does not see shortages.

British government blacklists 87 American firms and individuals under the trading with the enemy act.

France calls up men 47 to 48 years of age, except those working in munitions factories and farms, to serve in the army.

Ship Losses:

Llongwen (United Kingdom) The cargo ship sank in the Mediterranean Sea 90 nautical miles (170 km) north east of Algiers, Algeria (37°48′N 3°48′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of fourteen crew.
Neto (United Kingdom) The 3,000 ton Glasgow steamer grounded at Gurnard's Head, Cornwall while carrying hay and fodder to Cherbourg in thick fog.
Ville de Rouen (France) The cargo ship sank in the Mediterranean Sea 120 nautical miles (220 km) south west of Cape Matapan, Greece by SM UB-45 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of three of her crew.

[Sailor Steve]

July 18, 1916

Air War:
Italian pilot Mario Stoppani, flying a Nieuport 11, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 2.



Mediterranean Sea:
Walter Forstmann, commanding U-39, sinks British freighter SS Llongwen, 4,683 tons, en route from Naples to Barry with an unnamed cargo. Forstmann's score is now 86 ships and 216,262 tons.

Karl Palis, in UB-45, torpedoes French freighter SS Ville De Rouen, 4,721 tons, details unknown, south of Cape Matapan, Greece. His score is now 2 ships and 9,000 tons.



United States:
American schooner Virginia Rulon, 239 tons, travelling from Baltimore, Maryland to Tampa, Florida, founders off Hatteras, North Carolina.

[Jimbuna]

19th July 1916

Western Front

German attacks on Longueval and Delville Wood continued; British regain some lost ground, repulse attack on Waterlot Farm.

French take more trenches south of Estrees.

Bombardment of Verdun front.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

In Persia Russians are defeated and driven back north of Kermanshah by Turks.

3rd Turkish Division discovered at Bir el Abd (Sinai).

Political, etc.

New York City manufacturers receive an $1 million order to make artificial limbs for wounded Australian and New Zealand soldiers.

[Sailor Steve]

July 19, 1916

Air War:
0645 English RFC pilot Noel William Ward Webb and Scotttish observer John Anderson Mann, in FE2b 5245, shoot down a Fokker E.III for victory number 1 for Webb and number 4 for Mann. Vizefeldwebel Otto Dapper is killed.
In this same action DH.2 pilot John Godlee is shot down, and dies in hospital three days later. His opponent is unknown.

1030 English RFC pilot Arthur Knight, flying DH.2 5931, claims an eindecker for victory number 2.

German ace Walter Höhndorf, in a Fokker E.III, shoots down a Farman two-seater for victory number 9. Whether Lucien Rousselet and André Frémont survived is not mentioned.

French pilot Paul Sauvage, flying an unlisted Nieuport, is credited with an "Enemy Aircraft", for victory number 2.

German Ace Kurt Wintgens, possibly now flying a Halberstadt D.II, shoots down Sopwith 1-1/2 Strutter A386 for victory number 9. Henry Rathbone Hele-Shaw, 20, and Robert Claude Oakes, 18 both killed in action.



German East Africa:
The log books aren't specific, but sometime around this date the new lighthouse at Ulenge Island was completed.

Also sometime around this date His Majesty's Whaler Rattler is renamed HMW Prattler.

[Jimbuna]

20th July 1916

Western Front

Struggle in Longueval and Delville Wood continued.

British advance 1,000 yards between Bazentin and Longueval.

North of Somme French carry enemy trenches from Hardecourt Hill to the river. South, they take enemy first position from Estrees to Vermandovillers, and Barleaux to Soyecourt.

French gain a position south of Fleury (Verdun).

French airman drops leaflets over Berlin; is captured in Poland.

Eastern Front

Sakharov defeats Austrians on south-west of Lutsk salient; attacks and carries Berestechko.

Heavy fighting on Riga front resumed.

Southern Front

Demobilisation of the Greek army nearly completed.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Russians continue advance in Armenia; they capture Gumishkhanek, on Trebizond-Erzingan road.

Turkish aeroplanes bomb Suez and Port Tewfik.

Political, etc.

Premier Asquith promises to investigate the defeats of the Dardanelles and Kut after heated debate in the House of Commons.

An Anglo-French Loan is made to Greek Government.

Ship Losses:

Cettois (France) The coaster sank in the Mediterranean Sea 60 nautical miles (110 km) north of Algiers, Algeria (37°23′N 2°10′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Enrico Parodi (Italy) The 3,818 ton collier sank off The Carracks, Cornwall while being towed to St Ives by the Lady of the Isles. She ran aground off Gurnard's Head in dense fog, and was re-floated by a salvage team working on Neto, which was wrecked two days previous. She was heading to Messina from Cardiff with coal.
Grangemoor (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was shelled and sank in the Mediterranean Sea 75 nautical miles (139 km) north west by west of Algiers by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Karma (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was shelled and sank in the Mediterranean Sea 68 nautical miles (126 km) north north west of Algiers (37°19′N 1°55′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Kasagi (Imperial Japanese Navy) The Kasagi-class cruiser ran aground in the Tsugaru Strait. She sank on 10 August.
Yzer (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sank in the Mediterranean Sea 56 nautical miles (104 km) north west of Algiers (37°12′N 2°20′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of a crew member.

[Sailor Steve]

July 20, 1916

German ace Walter Höhndorf is awarded the Pour le Merite for his action on the 15th, becoming the sixth pilot to obtain the coveted 'Blue Max', as it is beginning to be called.

Air War:
0830 A BE.2c on an Artiller Spotting mission is attacked by an eindecker. Lt B.T. Collier and 2nd Lt T.E. Gordon-Scaife manage to shoot their attacker down. It is uncertain, but German flieger (flyer) Johann Steinmann is reported missing this day.

1830 Two FE.2b crews, Horace Davey and Captain H.C. Morley in 5238, and Lancelot Richardson and Leslie Court in 6932, team up to claim two Fokkers. Victories number 4 and 5 for Davey, 4 and 5 for Richardson, 3 and 4 for Court, unknown for Morley.

1900 2nd Lts D.S.C. Macaskie and C.I. Sandys-Thomas fail to return from a mission. It isn't until December, when Macaskie is repatriated (due to having his leg amputated), that it becomes known what happened. Macaskie reports that they were attaced and forced down by an eindecker. No German pilot filed a claim for the kill, so it went unreported.

2020 English pilot Henry Cope Evans, flying DH.2 7842, shoots down a Roland C.II for victory number 1

2045 English pilot Charles Chapman, in DH.2 5924, claims an eindecker for number 3.

2045 Canadian RFC pilot Alfred Edwin McKay, in DH.2 6010, brings down a Roland C.II for kill number 1

Donald Wainright Beard, flying a BE.2c with an unnamed observer, wins a fight with a Pfalz eindecker for victory number 1.



Mediterranean Sea:
Walter Forstmann, commanding U-39, sinks another series of Allied ships, all north of Algiers:
French freighter SS Cettois, 974 tons.
British freighter SS Grangemoor, 3,198 tons, travelling in ballast from Genoa to Baltimore, captured and then sunk with the deck gun.
British freighter SS Karma, 3,710 tons, bound from Tyne to Portoferralo with a load of coal.
British freighter SS Yzer, 3,538 tons, travelling in ballast from Cette to Gibraltar.
Forstmann's score is now 90 ships and 227,862 tons.

[Jimbuna]

21st July 1916

Western Front

British push their advance to Bois des Foureaux (High Wood).

Germans counter-attack and regain some ground.

Heavy bombing attacks by enemy south of Thiepval on Leipzig Redoubt.

French repulse counter-attacks on their new front at Soyecourt; also south of Chaulnes.

Eastern Front

Russians drive Austro-Germans over the River Styr, taking 14,000 prisoners.

Political, etc.

Russia warns the Ottoman Empire that hospital ships will be sunk, in retaliation for the sinking of the Russian hospital ship Portugal.

Martial law is lifted in Spain after the end of the railway strike, but press censorship continues.

Lieutenant Otto Parschau, one of the first flying aces, is killed after being wounded over Grévillers.


Ship Losses:

Wolf (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 75 nautical miles (139 km) north north west of Algiers, Algeria (35°52′N 2°10′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

July 21, 1916

Air War:
0800 English RFC pilot John Oliver Andrews, flying DH.2 4948, shoots down an eindecker for victory number 1. His victim may have been 8-kill ace Otto Parschau. Parschau, the man who taught Oswald Boelcke and Max Immelmann how to fly a wing-warper, died of wounds received this day.

0930 German pilot Albert Österreicher attacks BE.2c 2100, part of a formation of bombers. Ace Kurt Wintgens joins in with his Fokker E.IV and wounds the pilot, 2nd Lt Rowland Murray Wilson-Browne, who crash-lands and later dies from his wounds (no observer). Wintgens is awarded kill number 10, Österreicher nothing.

0945 English pilot Reginald Maxwell and observer Herbert James Hamilton, in FE.2b A13, bring down an Aviatik two-seater. Victory number 2 for Maxwell, number 1 for Hamilton.

1730 Kurt Wintgens downs his second enemy of the day, Morane 'N' A128. Cpt Norman Alexander Browning-Paterson is killed in action.

1750 Australian RNAS pilot Stanley James Goble, in Nieuport 8517 (type unknown), shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 1.

2000 English pilot George Henry Hackwill and observer W.P. Parsons, in FE.2b 5214, shoot down a Roland C.II for victory number 1.

2025 English pilot Henry Evans, in DH.2 5924, brings down an "Enemy Aircraft" for kill number 2.

Silesia-born German pilot Kurt Haber, in a Fokker E.III, shoots down a Nieuport for victory number 4.

French ace Charles Numgesser, in a Nieuport 16, destroys an Aviatik two-seater for kill number 11.



North Sea:
Hans Valentiner, commanding UB-37, attacks Danish auxiliary motor schooner Samsø, 388 tons, carrying a load of timber from Halmstad to Hull, with his deck gun. The damaged ship manages to make it safely to port.



Mediterranean Sea:
Walter Forstmann, in U-39, captures British freighter SS Wolf, 2,443 tons, bound from Pelaw Main, New South Wales, Australia, for Genoa, Italy, and sinks her with his deck gun. His score is now 91 ships and 230,305 tons.



German East Africa:
Squadron flagship - old battleship HMS Vengeance - leads an attack on entrenched German forces near Dar-Es-Salaam.
0615 Vengeance, old cruiser HMS Challenger and monitor HMS Mersey anchor off the Makatumbe lighthouse. Armed whalers Fly and Pickle move to watch the coastline.
0617 Challenger opens fire on German gun position at northern mouth of Upanga River.
0623 Vengeance opens fire on Ras Upanga with her 12" and 6" guns while a seaplane directs their fire.
0645 Spotting seaplane has engine trouble, lands near Makatumbe Island.
0655 Challenger moves to aid seaplane.
0705 Seaplane airborne again.
0717 Seaplane lands, ties up alongside HMS Mersey.
0710 Challenger opens fire on the same target as Vengeance.
0728 Challenger fires on trenches south of Ras Upanga.
0800 Challenger departs area.
0915 Mersey opens fire on freighter SS Feldmarschall at head of Dar-Es-Salaam Bay. Misses due to incorrect reports from seaplane.
1030 HMS Manica launches an observation balloon.
1300 Mersey examines the coastline for enemy activity.
1635 Mersey, Fly and Pickle anchor off Sinda Island.
2230 Vengance's steering gear jams, forcing a half-hour stop for repairs.
2230 Mersey takes up firing position off Makatumbe Lighthouse.
Meanwhile light cruiser HMS Talbot is conducting a reconnaissance of Pangani.

Canada:
American schooner Vesta, 113 tons, bound from Liverpool, Nova Scotia for New York, founders east of Seal Island, Nova Scotia.

[Jimbuna]

Western Front

British attack along whole front from Pozieres to Guillemont; violent fighting.

French aeroplanes bomb Mulheim (Rhine) and other German towns.

Eastern Front

Austrians, retreating before Sakharov, begin to evacuate Brody.

Southern Front

Italian success in the Dolomites; they take and consolidate the Rolle Pass.

Naval

Launch of the Isaac Peral class submarine, built in the U.S. for the Spanish Navy.


Political, etc.

General Maxwell's despatches on Irish rebellion published in Times.

87 Socialist members in the French Chamber of Deputies oppose economic warfare against the Central Powers after the end of the war.

Ship Losses:

Bams (Norway) The sailing vessel was sunk in the North Sea east of Hartlepool, County Durham, United Kingdom (55°17′N 0°29′W) by SM UB-37 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ida (Sweden) The barque was sunk in the North Sea east of Hartlepool by SM UB-37 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Juno (Norway) The brig was sunk in the North Sea east of Hartlepool (50°40′N 0°00′E) by SM UB-37 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Knutsford (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 12 nautical miles (22 km) north west by north of Cape Corbelin, Algeria by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Olive (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was shelled andsunk in the Mediterranean Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) north west by north of Cape Corbelin by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Preference ( Sweden) The brigantine was sunk in the North Sea 50 nautical miles (93 km) east of Hartlepool by SM UB-37 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Subra (Norway) The sailing vessel was sunk in the North Sea east of Hartlepool (54°45′N 0°00′E) by SM UB-37 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.