[l02turner]

Thanks for the comments! I'll chaek out the links -
BTW, I never appproach on the surface, decks awash or at the min to use the diesels. I learned the escorts will all converge/attack, even at periscope depth. So I now do as you suggest and stay around 100' or deeper and wait til the escorts pass while I try to get in front of the targets to get in their midst. It works sometimes but not always. One reason I asked this question is because I wanted to attack as some of the most successful skippers did in WW2, which wasat night and on the surface, probably awash as you suggest. But I am 0% successful at attacking like this. thx again for the help