1861 1st skirmish in US Civil War at Fairfax Court House, Virginia.
1864 Confederate cruiser Georgia sold to a British merchant in Liverpool.
1879 Napoleon Eugene, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed serving with British forces in the Anglo-Zulu War. He is buried in Farnborough, Hampshire.
1918 Canadian ace Billy Bishop downs 6 aircraft over a three-day span, including German ace Paul Bilik, reclaiming his top scoring title from James McCudden.
1935 Compulsory driving tests and license plates introduced in the United Kingdom.
1939 British submarine "Thetis" sinks in Liverpool Bay with all 99 aboard.
1943 Germany shoots down a civilian flight from Lisbon to London, 13 passengers, included actor Leslie Howard, and 4 crew die.
1944 Allied generals Bernard Montgomery, George S. Patton, Omar Bradley, Miles Dempsey and Harry Crerar meet in Portsmouth, England just prior to D-Day.
1962 SS officer Adolf Eichmann is executed in Israel after being found guilty of war crimes.
1976 Great Britain and Iceland end the "cod war"
1998 European Central Bank is founded in Brussels to define and execute the European Union's monetary policy.
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