1914 German army executes 150 Belgians by firing squad.
1914 German fleet bombs the English coast.
1915 British liner "SS Arabic" sunk by German submarine without warning leaving Liverpool for New York; killing 44. Creates diplomatic incident.
1919 After nearly 100 years of British control, Afghanistan declares itself independent.
1942 Over 4,000 Canadian and British soldiers killed, wounded or captured raiding Dieppe, France.
1942 General Friedrich Paulus orders the German 6th Army to conquer Stalingrad.
1960 American CIA pilot Francis Gary Powers convicted of spying by USSR (U-2 incident); sentence to 3 years in prison plus 7 in a labor camp, he served 17 months before being exchanged for a captured Soviet KGB spy.
1960 Soviet Sputnik 5 carries 2 dogs, 2 rats, 40 mice, 1 rabbit and fruit flies into space, first animals to return alive from orbit.
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